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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Psychology
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The science of behavior and mental processes.
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Survey Method
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A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representitive, random sample or group.
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Understand Darwin's concept of Natural Selection
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The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
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Case Study
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An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
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What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
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Hypothesis- A testible predictiction often inspired by a theory.
Theory- An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior of events. |
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Naturalistic Observation
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Observing and recording in naturally occuring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
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What is Correlation?
What are the limits of Correlation? |
-Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other.
-Doesn't prove causation and has to be have the two objects relate to another. |
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Synapse
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The junction between the axon tip of the sending nueron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving nueron. The tiny gap at this junction is the synaptic gap or syanptic cleft.
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What are the functions of the corpus callosum?
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Large band of nueral fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres ans carrying messages between them.
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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he brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
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What is the function of the limbic system?
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Associated with emotions and drives.
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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The "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem. Functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
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What is Correlation?
What are the limits of Correlation? |
-Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other.
-Doesn't prove causation and has to be have the two objects relate to another. |
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Synapse
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The junction between the axon tip of the sending nueron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving nueron. The tiny gap at this junction is the synaptic gap or syanptic cleft.
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What are the functions of the corpus callosum?
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Large band of nueral fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres ans carrying messages between them.
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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he brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.
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What is the function of the limbic system?
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Associated with emotions and drives.
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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The "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem. Functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
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What is consciousness?
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Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
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Discuss the effects and risks associated with sleep deprivation.
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Obesity, hypertension and memory impairment.
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Why do we dream?
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Satisfy our own wishes, to file away memories, to develop and preserve neural pathways, to make sense of neural static, and to reflect cognitive development.
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Nature vs Nurture debate,
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The idea that a person's abilities or behaviors are predetermined through genetics or through a certain upbringing and environment
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Understand the evolutionary psychologist's perspective.
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Evolutionary psychologists focus on what makes us alike as humans such as Darwin's natural selection.
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How do collectivist and individualists cultures differ?
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Collectivist focuses on a group, family, or team goal over personal goals.
Individualist focuses on personal goals and achievments over the collective. |
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Describe how experience can modify the brain.
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Positive experience and nuturing help the brain develop more and lack of experience does not let the brain to fully develop to it's full potential.
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Discuss Harlow's study concerning the origins of attachment theory.
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Harlow's study of monkey infants given a cheese cloth in isolated cage in place of mother associated the cloth as a soothing Mother figure.
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According to Piaget, how does the mind develop?
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Four stages:
Sensorimotor- Senses and actions (Birth to 2 yrs) Preoperational- Words and images (2 - 6-7 yrs) Concrete Operational - Thinking logically (7 - 11 yrs) Formal Operational - Abstract reasoning (12 - adulthood) |
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Discuss the physical changes in later life.
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Older people become more susceptible to short-term illnesses
During old age many of the brain's neurons die. If they live to be 90 or older, most people eventually become senile. Recognition memory - the ability to identify things previously experienced - declines with age. Life satisfaction peaks in the fifties and then gradually declines after age 65. |
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Define transduction and specify the form of energy our visual system converts into the neural messages our brain can interpret.
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Transduction - Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.
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Explain how the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory and opponent-process theories help us understand color vision.
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Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory - The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (red blue green) which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.
Opponent process theory - The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. |
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Explain how we can see color.
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We see color by the opponent-process theory - The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (red blue green) which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color.
Opponent process theory - The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green. |
