Psych Test 4

Front 1

an individuals unique collection of consistent behavioral traits

Back 1

personality

Front 2

the stability in a peron's behavior over time and across situations

Back 2

consistency

Front 3

the behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation

Back 3

distinctiveness

Front 4

a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations

Back 4

personality trait

Front 5

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

Back 5

factor analysis

Front 6

McCrae and Costa; maintains that most personality traits are derived from just fiver higher-order traits

Back 6

"big five"

Front 7

outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, assertive, and gregarious

Back 7

extraversion

Front 8

anxious, hostile, self-conscious, insecure, and vulnerable

Back 8

neuroticism

Front 9

curiosity, flexibility, vivid fantasy, imaginativeness, artitic sensitivity, and unconventional attitudes

Back 9

openness to experience

Front 10

sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest and straightforward

Back 10

agreeableness

Front 11

diligen, disciplined, well-organized, punctual, and dependable

Back 11

conscientiousness

Front 12

incude all the diverse theories descended from the work of Freud that focus on unconscious mental forces

Back 12

Psychodynamic theories

Front 13

the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle; biological needs (eat, sleep, ect.)

Back 13

id

Front 14

id operates according to this; demands immediate gratification of its urges

Back 14

pleasure pricipal

Front 15

decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle; mediates between the id and the social world

Back 15

ego

Front 16

guides the ego; seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until approriate outlets and situations can be found

Back 16

reality principle

Front 17

the moral component of personlity that incoporates social standards about what represents right and wrong

Back 17

superego

Front 18

"take the cookie"

Back 18

id

Front 19

"see if anyone's watching"

Back 19

ego

Front 20

"don't take the cookie"

Back 20

superego

Front 21

consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

Back 21

conscious

Front 22

contains material justbeneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

Back 22

preconscious

Front 23

contains thoughts & memories & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior

Back 23

unconscious

Front 24

largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Back 24

defense mechanisms

Front 25

creating false but plasible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior

Back 25

rationalization

Front 26

keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

Back 26

repression

Front 27

attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another

Back 27

projection

Front 28

diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substite target

Back 28

displacement

Front 29

behaving in a way that's exactly the opposite of one's true feelings

Back 29

reaction formation

Front 30

a reversion to immature patterns of behavior

Back 30

regrssion

Front 31

bolstering selfpesteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

Back 31

identification

Front 32

developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality

Back 32

psychosexual stages

Front 33

a failure to move forward from one stage to another as expected

Back 33

fixation

Front 34

oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital; early experiences shape personality

Back 34

Freud's psychosexual stages

Front 35

first stage; conflict over weaning; first year of life; erotic stimulation is the mouth (biting, sucking, chewing)

Back 35

oral stage

Front 36

second year; second stage; bowel movements; toile training

Back 36

anal stage

Front 37

third stage; 3-5; genitals become the focus of child's erotic energy

Back 37

phalic stage

Front 38

children maifet erotically tinged deires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelins of hostility toward their same-sex parent

Back 38

oedipal complex

Front 39

fourth stage; age 7-12; not thinking about opposite sex

Back 39

latency period

Front 40

fifth stage; puberty; dealing w. sexual urges

Back 40

genital stage

Front 41

analytical psychology

Back 41

Jung's psychoanalytic theory

Front 42

a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; part of jung's theory

Back 42

collective unconscious

Front 43

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning; show up in dreams and within other forms of culture

Back 43

archetypes

Front 44

individual psychology

Back 44

adler's approach to personality

Front 45

a universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges

Back 45

striving for superiority

Front 46

efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities

Back 46

compensation

Front 47

poor testability, inadequate evidence, sexism

Back 47

criticizm of psycholdynmic formulations

Front 48

a theoretical orientation based onthe premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Back 48

behaviorism

Front 49

bandura's theory; occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others

Back 49

observational learning

Front 50

father of the cognitive movement; person is active in shaping their personality

Back 50

bandura

Front 51

people model attractive people over ugly people

Back 51

attractiveness

Front 52

children model thos who are in a power position more than those who are not

Back 52

power

Front 53

bobo doll sutdies; personality traits can be modeled

Back 53

bandura's theory

Front 54

a person whose behavior is observed by another

Back 54

model

Front 55

one's belief about one's abilit to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes

Back 55

self-efficacy

Front 56

a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

Back 56

humanism

Front 57

people can rise above their primitive animal heritage and control their biological urges; people are largey conscious and rational beings whoare not dominated by unconscious, irrational needs and conflicts

Back 57

optimistic view by humanists

Front 58

the first amendment clause that prohibits the establishment of a state relgion; forbids government not only from designating an official church, but also from aiding one relgion over another

Back 58

establishment clause

Front 59

the 14th amendment guarantee that the government will follow fair and just procedures when prosecuting a criminal defendant; 4, 5, 6, & 8 amendment provide this right for criminals

Back 59

due process