Psych Test 3

Front 1

Prejudice

Back 1

A. Unjustible attitude toward a group and its members

Front 2

Sterotype

Back 2

Generalized negative belief about a group of people (attitude)

Front 3

C. Discrimination:

Back 3

: negative predisposition or action against a group (behavior)

Front 4

a. Ingroup Bias

Back 4

Tendency to focus on poitive aspects of ones own group.

Front 5

b. Outgroup Bias

Back 5

: Tendency to focus on negative aspects of other people groups

Front 6

A. Stigma

Back 6

An attribute that serves to discredit a person in the eyes of others

Front 7

B. Scapegoat Bias

Back 7

a. Provides frusterated people with an outlet for anger→ scapegoat takes the blame

Front 8

Despite outgroups

Back 8

→ scapegoats elevate self-esteem in the ingroup

Front 9

c. Catagorization:

Back 9

tendency to-the social world into distinct categories

Front 10

i. Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

Back 10

perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than members of ones group

Front 11

d. Just World Phenomenon

Back 11

Tendency to believe that the world is just
i. People therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Front 12

A. Old-Fashioned Racism

Back 12

Blatantly negative sterotypes based on racial superiority and open opposition to racial equality

Front 13

B. Aversive Racism

Back 13

Attitued toward a group that included both egalitarian (equality) social values and negative emotions

Front 14

Jigsaw Classroom Method (aronson):

Back 14

Cooperative learning method used to reduce prejudice through group interaction
a. Each student it assigned a specific task that requires the mutual efforts of the entire group succeed

Front 15

b. Contact Hypothesis

Back 15

: Increased contact between members of various social groups can reduce prejudice between the

Front 16

D. Recatagorization

Back 16

Shift in the boundary between a persons ingroup and an outgroup

Front 17

E. Subtyping

Back 17

: Perception of an outgroup member as an exception to their outgroup

Front 18

Persuation

Back 18

A. Process of changing an audience’s attitude through a written, spoken, filmed or televised message

Front 19

A. Yale Attitude Change Model (Hovland)

Back 19

First attempt to scientifically study attitude change.

Front 20

a. Who: the source of the persuation

Back 20

i. Attractivness
ii. Credibility and expertise
iii. Motive or intention
iv. Speed of speech
v. Similarity

Front 21

b. What: The nature of the persuasion

Back 21

i. One-sided verses two sided arguments
ii. Presentation order (Primacy and recensy effects)

Front 22

iii. Whom: the nature of the audience

Back 22

1. Distraction
2. Level of intelligence
3. Self-esteem

Front 23

B. Dual Process Models of Persuation

Back 23

Two routes to attitude change

Front 24

a. Central Route or systematic processing

Back 24

Pay attention to quality and merits of msg→ eep processing if information
1. attention→ comprehention→Acceptance

Front 25

2. Need for cognition

Back 25

Tendendy to enjoy engage in deliberative thought

Front 26

iii. If arguments are strong and compelling

Back 26

– attitue change

Front 27

b. Peripheral Route or Heuristic Processing

Back 27

i. Superficial processing that involves the use of simple decision rules
1. Attention→ Heuristic cues→ acceptance with minimal thought ..

Front 28

ii. Heuristic cues trigger acceptance with minimal thought

Back 28

1. “An experts word can always be trusted”
2. What’s beautiful is also good and worthy of my attention
3. If it makes me feel good about myself, im all for it
4. If it helps me avoid bad things, it has to be good

Front 29

iii. Which route will produce the more enduring attitude change?

Back 29

1. The central route

Front 30

C. Emotion Inducing Appeals

Back 30

a. Positive affect
b. Fear

Front 31

C. Emotion Inducing Appeals
1. Positive affect
b. 2. Fear

Back 31

1. Puts people ina good mood, more likely to rely on .
2. arousing Communications

Front 32

i. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1748) and “ The Great Awakening”

Back 32

ii. Fear appeal must be strong (if too strong, might feel threatened
iii. Fear appeal must include recommendation (act that will deliver person from threat)

Front 33

Resistance to Persuasion
Reactance:

Back 33

Negative feelin that someone is trying to limit your personal freedom

Front 34

a. Negative Attitude change

Back 34

Person reacts by shifting in a direction opposite of messege

Front 35

b. Forwarning

Back 35

: Advance knowledge about the persuasive message
i. Give opponents view in a weakened form then tear it apart
ii. Allows the audience to construct counter arguments
iii. Allows time to recal of relevant facts and informatuin

Front 36

A. Cognitive Dissonance

Back 36

: Unpleasant state or feeling often aroused when people hold to conflicting thoughts (Cognitive elements) ( think of Kings neighbor with the Hummer,

a. People hate inconsistency
b. People are often motivated to reduce cognititve dissonance
c. Dissonance reduction may produce attitude change

Front 37

B. Groupthink: (Janis)

Back 37

uncritical acceptance of a course of action by members of a close knit group

Front 38

a. Conditions that foster groupthink

Back 38

i. cohesivness
ii. Isolation
iii. Failure to consider alternatives

Front 39

b. Symptoms of groupthink

Back 39

i. Illusion of invulnerability (idea that we cannot fail)
ii. Illusion of morality
iii. Sterotypes images of the enemy
iv. Censorshitp of dissenting ideas

Front 40

c. Methods of Preventing groupthink

Back 40

i. Have the leader remain impartial
ii. Introduce dissenting opinions (Devils Advocate)
iii. Subdivided large group into smaller groups
iv. Invite outside experts to participate

Front 41

C. Group Polarization:

Back 41

Tendency by group members to shift to a more extreme position after exposure

Front 42

: What famous experiment led erinson to inspire his jigsaw experiemt :

Back 42

Sheriffs Robbers cave

Front 43

What famous Novel was inspired by Shariff experiment

Back 43

: Lord of the flies

Front 44

i. Yale

Back 44

Red Devils vs. Bull dogs ( TEST ASWER)

Front 45

Social Loafing: Latane

Back 45

An individuals tendency to exert less effor when working in a group than when alone

Front 46

Social Facililitation

Back 46

: any positive effect on performance stemming from the presence of others

Front 47

Social Influence

Back 47

Attempts on the part of one or more persons to change the behavior feelings thoughts of others

Front 48

Compliance:

Back 48

: change in accordance with a direct request

Front 49

Reasons for compliance

Back 49

Mindlessness: Tendency to comply without questioning
) expensive- good principle

Front 50

Ingration:

Back 50

Induce compliance by increasing attractivness to target person

Front 51

Door in the face technique

Back 51

- Make a large request- rejection
- Then make a smaller request as a comprimise

Front 52

2. Recipirical Concessions

Back 52

Process of bargaining and comprimise

Front 53

- low ball tecknique

Back 53

get victim to make a commitment then increase cost of commitment
- Difficult to chance a decision after making a commitment

Front 54

That’s-Not-All techique

Back 54

make a crazy request and then start adding more on top of immifdicatly increasing apparent size of original request.

Front 55

o Emabarrassing tasks

Back 55

decrease in self-essteem but increase in compliance