Psych Test #3

Front 1

zygote

Back 1

fertilized egg with 100 cells

Front 2

embyro

Back 2

2 week old zygote

Front 3

fetus

Back 3

9 week old embryo

Front 4

teratogens

Back 4

chemicals that could harm the fetus, but placenta protects the fetus from the chemicals

Front 5

Schemas

Back 5

mental molds to organize ideas

Front 6

assimilation

Back 6

processing of fitting objects into existing schemas

Front 7

accommodation

Back 7

creating new schemas for new objects

Front 8

sensorimotor

Back 8

0-2
mental activity confined by schemas

Front 9

object permanence

Back 9

end of sensorimotor stage

when child recognizes objects

Front 10

preoperational

Back 10

2-7
begin to understand things using symbols
make intuitive guesses
egocentric
don not understand conservation

Front 11

concrete operational

Back 11

7-12
mentally transform info
cannot think abstractly

Front 12

formal operational

Back 12

12+
abstract thinking

Front 13

adolescent egocentrism

Back 13

everyone is looking at me

Front 14

personal fable

Back 14

im unique

Front 15

parent infant attachment

Back 15

deep, affectionate, close, and enduring relationship between parent and child

Front 16

secure attachment

Back 16

infant wants to be with parent but also wants to explore

Front 17

insecure attachment

Back 17

avoid-ant, ambivalent, disorganized

Front 18

avoidant

Back 18

avoid or ignore parent

Front 19

ambivalent

Back 19

upset when parent leaves, angry when they return

Front 20

disorganized

Back 20

inconsistent behavior

Front 21

adolescence

Back 21

life between childhood and adulthood

puberty

Front 22

frontal cortex

Back 22

slow developing to limbic system
causes occasional poor teen judgement

Front 23

Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Back 23

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Front 24

preconventional

Back 24

moral choices are selfish

Front 25

conventional

Back 25

choices based on following the rules

Front 26

postconventional

Back 26

judgments based on personal standards

Front 27

limitations of kohlberg's stages

Back 27

cross-cultural studies, gender differences in moral thinking

Front 28

adulthood

Back 28

peak in 20's

Front 29

recognition memory

Back 29

multiple choice, can recognize if seen

does not declines with age

Front 30

recall memory

Back 30

essay, have to think of it without assistance

declines with age

Front 31

fluid intelligence

Back 31

ability to reason speedily

declines with age

Front 32

crystalized intelligence

Back 32

accumulation of knowledge and skills

does not decline with age

Front 33

sensations

Back 33

detect physical energy(stimulus) from environment and convert to neural signals

Front 34

perception

Back 34

select, organize, and interpret sensations

Front 35

bottom up processing

Back 35

analysis of sensation
low level
just seeing the basics

Front 36

top down processing

Back 36

information processing
high level
construct perceptions

Front 37

vision

Back 37

wavelength -- hue, color
amplitude -- intensity, brightness

Front 38

pupil

Back 38

adjustable opening where light enters the eye

Front 39

iris

Back 39

colored muscle surrounding pupil
responds to light intensity or internal states

Front 40

lens

Back 40

focuses light into the retina
accommodation: lens changing shape to accommodate viewing

Front 41

retina

Back 41

layer of photo-sensative cells in the back surface of eye
transduces photons

Front 42

Fovea

Back 42

central area of retina contains only cones

Front 43

cones

Back 43

function in bright lighting
detection of detail

Front 44

rods

Back 44

detect black, white, grey
responsible for peripheral vision in dark

Front 45

process

Back 45

1. light reaches rods and cones
2. chemical reactions activate bipolar cells
3. bipolar cells activate ganglion cells
4. ganglion forms optic nerve

Front 46

ganglion

Back 46

information form thousands of visual receptors
sees only the receptive field

Front 47

optic nerve

Back 47

carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Front 48

blind spot

Back 48

where optic nerve leaves the eye because there are no receptor cells located there

Front 49

parellel processing

Back 49

processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously
the brain divides a visual scene into subdivisions

Front 50

feature detection

Back 50

nerve cells respond to specific features (edges, angles, and movement)

Front 51

shape detection

Back 51

special combinations of temporal lobe activity occurs as people look at shoes, faces, chairs, houses

Front 52

tri chromatic theory

Back 52

any color that produces by mixing pure versions of blue green or red light in different amounts

Front 53

3 different types of cones

Back 53

red
green
blue

Front 54

color blindness

Back 54

genetic disorder in which people are blind to green or red colors

Front 55

problem with tri chromatic

Back 55

cannot explain some quirks

red-green color blind people can still see yellow

Front 56

opponent-process theory

Back 56

3 pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, black-white

complimentary colors

Front 57

loudness

Back 57

amplitude or height of the sound wave

Front 58

pitch

Back 58

frequency of sound wave

determines how high or low a tone is

Front 59

Place theory

Back 59

hair cells at a particular place on the basilar membrane respond to particular frequencies of sound

describes how we hear high frequencies not low frequencies

Front 60

frequency-matching theory

Back 60

firing rate of an auditory nerve matches a sound waves frequency

describes how we hear low frequencies

Front 61

smell (olfaction)

Back 61

it goes straight to the brain, not through the thalamus

axons from neurons in the nose have synapse in the olfactory bulb

plentiful in the amygdala

Front 62

taste (gustation)

Back 62

receptors concentrated on tongue

Front 63

figure ground organization

Back 63

figure -part of visual field that has measure (object)

ground - visual field with less meaning (background)

Front 64

gestalts law of organization

Back 64

the whole greater than the sum...because we add meaning

Front 65

gestalts laws

Back 65

proximity: group things together that are close
similarity: group thing because they look alike

Front 66

depth perception

Back 66

the projection of our retina

depth cues

Front 67

monocular

Back 67

one eye

picture of street

Front 68

monocular (interposition)

Back 68

one thing is covered up by another thing

Front 69

monocular (relative size)

Back 69

size difference in people

Front 70

monocular (height in visual field)

Back 70

where object is (front or back)

Front 71

monocular (textural gradient)

Back 71

texture fades towards top of picture

Front 72

monocular (linear perspective)

Back 72

lines converge in the middle

Front 73

monocular (reduced clarity)

Back 73

farther back, less clear

Front 74

binocular

Back 74

2 eyes

Front 75

accommodation

Back 75

information about the muscle activity involved in accommodation serves as one cue

Front 76

convergence

Back 76

depth cue resulting form rotation of the eyes so the image is projected on each retina

Front 77

binocular disparity

Back 77

depth cue based on the difference between the retina images received by each eye

Front 78

optical flow

Back 78

constantly changing image on the retina when in motion

Front 79

looming

Back 79

rapid expansion in the size of an image so that it fills the retina (baseball being thrown at your face)

Front 80

stroboscopic motion

Back 80

tendency to perceive movement when a series of still images appear, one at a time, in rapid succession