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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Memory
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the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve info.
to be brought back to mind-- must be represented in the mind |
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Mental representation
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a mental model of a stimulus or a category of stimuli
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Neural code
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patterned firing of a network of neurons
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3 types of mental representation
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Sensory representation-- store in a sensory mode
Verbal-- info stored in words Motoric-- memories of motor actions *all require neural activation |
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Memory Model
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cognitive understanding: mind = computer (inputs and outputs)
Sensory registers STM LTM |
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Sensory Registers
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holds info for a fraction of second after stimulus disappears
allows mental representation to stay for further processing |
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Iconic Storage
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momentary memory for visual info.
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Echoic Storage
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momentary memory for auditory
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Short Term Memory
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memory store, holds small amount of info in consciousness for limited duration
20-30 secs. 7+- 2 limit |
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Hermann Ebbinghaus
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First discovered 7 item limit for STM
universal across cultures |
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2 types of rehearsal (STM)
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maintenance-- information is repeated over and over again
elaborative-- information is related to other knowledge (meaning) |
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Working Memory
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Conscious workspace
temporary storage and active processing achieve goals, solve problems manipulate info in storage |
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3 Working Memory Stores
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1. Central Executive (executive processes)
2. visual store (visuospatial sketchpad 20-30 secs./ image/ location and nature of objects 3. Verbal (phonological) store (7+-2 limit and shallow, order of presentation and confusion) |
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Working Memory and brain
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Prefrontal Cortex
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Long Term Memory
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retrieval of information to STM, limitless in capacity
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Serial position curve
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remember info toward beginning and end
STM v. LTM Primacy effect-- LTM first Recency effect-- STM last |
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Types of LTM knowledge stored
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Declarative (semantic, episodic)
Procedural |
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Declarative
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facts and events
semantic-- general knowledge Episodic-- memories of specific events |
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Way Knowledge is expressed
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Explicit memory (conscious retrieval)-- recall, recognition
Implicit-- expressed in behavior, unconscious |
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(Neuropsychology of Memory)
Medial temporal lobes (hippocampus) |
consolidation of explicit, declarative info
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(Neuropsychology of Memory)
Frontal Lobes |
WM, procedural memory, episodic memory (specific events)
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(Neuropsychology of Memory)
Amygdala |
fear conditioning and avoidance learning
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