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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perception
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Process; the brain interprets sensory info
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what allows us to be aware of the world?
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senses
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what picks up sensory energy?
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receptor cells
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how is sensory energy translated?
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its translated into neural energy.
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what is the process of translating sensory energy into neural energy?
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transduction
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___ is based on on receieving, transmitting, and interpreting sensory info.
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perception
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5 major senses
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1.hearing 2.touching 3.seeing
4.tasting 5.smelling |
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which organ vibrates molecules on air?
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the ear for hearing
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body senses provide what info? (name examples)
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1.temperatue 2.touch 3.pain
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what sends info from receptors in the inner ear, joints & muscles?
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body senses; to tell us position & movement of the body.
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what sends msg to nose & tongue?
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receptor cells in chemical senses
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what are reasons to effect a persons perception of the world?
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experiences, culture.
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besides the 5senses what else are sense organs able to detect?
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feelings: soreness, pleasure, warmth, movement & pain,
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sense organs operate thru__?
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sensory receptor cells
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what are sensory receptor cells?
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RECIEVE energy (light, heat, vibrations) & TRANSLATE into neural impulses to be transmitted to the brain to interprate.
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what is the process of interpreting sensation?
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Process;
Recieve info>Translate>& Transmit to the brain |
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define Stimulus:
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any aspect of world that directly influences our behavior or conscious experience
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where does the word stimulus come from?
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action of stimulating sensory receptor cells.
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what is transduction?
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translating energy into neural impulses.
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how do sensory cells capture energy?
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respond to sound/light/chemical wave & transmit impulses along axons
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absolue threshold?
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lowest level that a person will feel sensation. half the time.
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2 primary kinds of treshold(lower limits) of sensory experience?
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1. Absolute threshold
2.Difference threshold |
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difference threshold?
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minimal diff a person can detect between 2 similar stimuli; aka 'just noticeable difference'
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ex/ absolute threshold
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a change in volume
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ex/difference threshold?
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how much volume change would need to notice difference
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what causes person sensitivity to stimulus to decrease or change time to time?
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sensory adaptation;repeated action causes receptor cells to get fatigued.
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getting uses to cold water wafter jumping in pool is ex/ of?
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sensory adaptation
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what do psychophysics study?
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sensory limits& adapations;
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who studys the connection btwn physical stimuli & psychological sensation
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psychophysics
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what alters the relationship btwn physical stimuli & sensations?
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sensory adaptation
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who found Weber's law?
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german psychophysicist Ernest Weber.
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what is Weber's law?
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the size of the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the original stimulus value
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electromagnetic radiation is a form of? & give ex/
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form of energy;
xrays, radio waves, visable light |
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2 properties of light
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1.frequency 2.intensity
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in the eye, wavelength determines what?
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determines the hue. diff wavelength seen as diff colors
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explain the process of hearing
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sound waves are converted into vibrations in a fluid in inner ear (&move hair cells) then send signal to the brain
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* (sensation) Sensory energy>receptors>transduction>neural energy>brain>interpretation (perception)
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* (sensation) Sensory energy>receptors>transduction>neural energy>brain>interpretation (perception)
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explain transduction process
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light waves are picked up by receptors & get translated into neural energy to the brain, which gets interpreted.
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Retina contains what?
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rods & cones
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Once info gets to Occipital lobe, the brain can?
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interpret info
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light is an ex/of ?
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energy
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what are the receptors for vision?
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rods & cones
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what are the receptor cells for taste?
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taste buds
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receptor cells for smell are transduced where?
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olfactory receptors
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what are the receptor cells for hearing?
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organ of Corti; inner ear
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what are the 2 groups of touch receptors?
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1.mechanoreceptors
2) thermoreceptors |
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what is the function of rods & cones?
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transduce light; photoreceptors transfer light energy into nueral signals
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trichomatic theory?
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colors result from diff stimulation of red, green, blue receptors in the retina
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who used tuning fork & why?
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Weber to test for bilaterial/unilateral hearing loss; held in middle of forehead.
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rapidly vibrating sound waves create.
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high frequency waves.
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slow vibrating sound waves create....
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low-frequency waves
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what determines pitch of sound?
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the frequency
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sound waves are measured in
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hertz
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intensity measured in
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decibel
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where is the pinna located?
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the outer ear.
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what does the pinna do?
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it locates the origin of sound & collects sound.
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another name for eardrum?
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Tympanic membrane.
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where/what is the function of basilar membrane?
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(inner ear) part of cochlea; creates a floor for organ of corti rests on it (hair cells)
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what is the organ of corti?
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hairlike receptor cells;
transduce sound waves in cochlear fluid onto neural impulses |
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how does organ of corti code neural messages?
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the intensity if sound wave is coded by # of receptors stimulated. low feq stimulate few; high stimulate more
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what is the vestibular organ?
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inner ear; gives cerebral cortex info on body orientation & movement
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JND stands for
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just noticeable difference
___ sand in hands |
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What is Weber's law?
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JND for all senses is % not fixed amount.
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we_____ to a stimulus that is continually present.
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adapt
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why do we experience weaker sensation to smell of perfume worn everyday?
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the receptor cells get fitigued
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do sensations alone have meanings? & why
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no they must be interpreted by the brain.
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*****perception is cognitive
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*****perception is cognitive
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what is perception organization?
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we have to put together in head; similarity, proximity, continuity
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what is perceptual constancy?
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perceiving things w/stable properties
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Name 2 types of perception:
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1. Binocular cues
2. Monocular cues |
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what are binocular cues?
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depth cues w/2 eyes
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what are monocular cues?
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1 eye depth cue
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ex/ of convergence
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binocular cue
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ex/ of principle overlap
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object being blocked looks further away; MONOcular cue
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subliminal perception
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below threshold of awareness
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ESP
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Extra Sensory Perception; physic
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synesthesia
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person gets usual & unusual sense same time; see music
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3 common types of ESP
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1. Telepathy- read minds
2. Precognitive- future event before it happens 3. clairvoyance- move objects w/mind |
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nocioreceptors
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receptor for pain caused by stimuli
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how are nociorceptors sent to the brain?
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2 pathways; Rapid & slow
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how does myelin influence pain signals?
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myelin speeds the nociorceptors (rapid/thick)transmission to the brain & lack of myelin slows it down.(slow/thin)
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gate control theory & associated with.
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pain msg's not fully processed by brain during high concentration but come after. ex/ focused & running with broken leg.
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3 parts of NS pain signals are regulated
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1. brain stem
2. spinal cord 3. peripheral pain receptors |
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phantom limb experience & what it tells us about conscious experience.
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ppl experience pain in aputated limb; conscious doesnt represent sensory info to brain
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what happens if you change the frequency of sound?
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rate of vibration determines the pitch
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where is vestiblar organ?
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inner ear
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who is muller lyer?
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illusionist in perception; drew line w/arrows
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