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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is mental illness defined? |
Mental illness is defined as a maladaptive repsonse to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, behaviors, and feelings that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individual's social, occupational, and/or physical functioning. |
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What is involuntary commitment? |
Involuntary commitment is court ordered and makes an individual with a mental illness submit to treatment. There must be criteria involved in such decision, including a history of repeated decompensation, likelihood of deterioration of treatment is not provided, sever or persistent mental illness with limited awareness, likelihood of becoming homeless as a result, or incarcerated, or violent, or suicidal, effective likelihood of success with treatment. |
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What is anticipatory grief? What is resolution? |
1. What is anticipatory grief? The processing of grieving a loss prior to it happening.
2. What is resolution? The duration of grief varies depending on the circumstance. |
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What part of the brain controls emotion? |
The limbic system is the emotional part of the brain that can assist in stabilizing emotional behavior. |
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Describe Maslow's hierachy of needs. |
Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs. An individual’s quest for self-actualization described as psychologically healthy, fully, human, highly evolved, and fully mature. The lower needs must be fulfilled before higher levels can be achieved. Self-actualization is the fulfillment of one’s highest potential. A person’s position in the hierarchy may be at a higher or lower level depending on life’s circumstances. Base (bottom) of hierarchy begins with: Physiological needs-basic fundamental needs, food, water, air, sleep, shelter, elimination, and sexual expression. Safety and Security-needs at this level are for avoiding harm, maintaining comfort, order, structure, physical safety, freedom from fear, and protection. Love and BelongingL-needs are for giving and receiving of affection, companionship, satisfactory interpersonal relationships, and identification with a group. Self-esteem/Esteem-of-others-the individual seeks self-respect and respect from others, works to achieve success and recognition in work, and desires prestige for accomplishments. Self-Actualization-the individual possesses a feeling of self-fulfillment and the realization of his or her highest potential. |
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Explain each of the Kubler-Ross stages of grief. |
Stage 1 - Denial : shock and disbelief Stage 2 - Anger : Why me? not fair Stage 3 Bargaining : A deal with god Stage 4 Depression : Full impact of loss is experienced Stage 5 Acceptance : Feeling of peace regarding loss |
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What part of the nervous system is involved in stressful situations? |
In a stressful situation the " fight or flight" response is initiated by the sympathetic nervous system which is stimulated by the hypothalmus |
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Explain each axis from I-IV. |
Axis 1: Clinical disorders Axis 2: Personality/ developmental disorders Axis 3: Relevant physical disorders Axis 4: Psychosocial and Environmental problems Axis 5: Global Assessment of Functioning Examples: · Anxiety disorders · Mood disorders · Dissociative disorders · Substance-related disorders ·Schizophrenia · Sexual & gender-identity disorders · Eating disorders Examples: · Paranoid personality disorder ·Antisocial personality disorder ·Narcissistic personality disorder ·Borderline personality disorder ·Dependent personality disorder Examples: ·Infectious & parasitic diseases ·Endocrine, nutrional, metabolic, immune diseases · Diseases of nervous system & sense organs ·Congenital anomalies Examples: · Problems with primary support group · Problems related to social environment ·Educational problems ·Occupational problems · Housing or economic problems Examples: 100 = Superior functioning in a wide range of activities 50 = Serious symptoms or impairment in social, occupational, or school functioning 10 = Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others
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Explain psychoimmunology and how it relates to mental illness. |
Psychoimmunology is the branch of medicine that studies the effects of psychological and social factors on the functioning of the immune system. People become more susceptible to physical illness after being exposed to a stressful stimulus or life event. This is due to the effect of increased glucorticoid release from the adrenal cortex following stimulation from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during stressful situations. Experiencing periods of grief, bereavement, and depression can decrease the functioning of lymphocytes. Studies are still being done to find evidence that other psychiatric illnesses are related to the onset of illnesses. |
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Explain neuroendocrinology and neurophysiology. |
Neuroendocrinology: study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, and the effects of various hormones on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.
Neurophysiology: the physiology of the nervous system.
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Define neurotransmitter and list the types of neurotransmitters and their effects/relationship with mental illness. |
Neurotransmitter: chemical that is stored in the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron. An electrical impulse through the neuron stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, which in turn determines whether whether or not another electrical impulse is generated.
Types of neurotransmitters: 1. Cholinergics -acetylcholine: ↑ in depression ↓ in AD, Huntington's, Parkinson's
2. Monomines -Norepinephrine: ↓ in depression ↑ in mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia -Dopamine: ↓ in Parkinson's and depression ↑ in mania and schizophrenia -Serotonin: ↓ in depression ↑ in anxiety states -Histamine: ↓ in depression
3. Amino acids -GABA: ↓ in Huntington's, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and forms of epilepsy -Glycine: TOXIC LEVELS: "glycine encephalopathy", ↓ levels are correlated with spastic motor movements -Glutamine and aspartate: ↓ in schizophrenia ↑ in Huntington's, temporal lobe epilepsy, spinal cerebellar degeneration, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders
4. Neuropeptides -Endorphins and enkaphalins: Modulation of dopamine activity by opioid peptides may indicate some link to the symptoms of schizophrenia -Substance P: ↓ in Huntington's and AD ↑ depression |
