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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Random Assignment |
Technique of assigning subjects to group are comparable |
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Independent Variable |
Variable manipulated The cause |
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Dependent Variable |
Variable that is affected by manipulation of Independent varable |
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Control Group |
Treated just like the experiment group except the independent variable is not manipulated |
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Theory |
Why effect exists Set of facts and relationships between facts that can explain and predict related phenomena |
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Hypothesis |
Asking what effect exists
Type of inference, or educated guess, based on prior evidence and logical possibilities |
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Treatment (experimental) Group |
Group who experiences the independent variable |
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Naturalistic Observation |
An in-depth study of a phenomenon in its natural setting
No interference
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Surveys |
A descriptive method in which participants are asked the same questions |
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Case Studies |
In-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people |
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Two Parts of the Nervous System |
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System- The nerves exiting the Central Nervous System that carry sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body |
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Parts of Central Nervous System |
Brain
Spinal Cord- long cylinder of neural tissue extending from the medulla of the brain down to the middle of the back |
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Parts of Peripheral Nervous System |
Autonomic- directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles
Somatic- brings sensory information to the central nervous system and transmits commands to the muscles |
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Part of Autonomic System |
Sympathetic- Helps stressful events; coordinates arousal
Parasympathetic- Help you calm down; associated with rest, repair, and energy storage |
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Acetylcholin |
Directly related to how muscles more or react
Important in unconscious muscle movement
Used in brain Circuits- learning |
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Epinephrin/ Norepinephrine |
Supports alertness and vigilance
Primary in "fight/flight"
Abnormalities: PTSD |
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Glutamate |
I dont know |
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Dopamine |
Motivates behavior
Internal reward system
Used in brain supporting fine motor movements
Abnormalities: Not enough = Parkinsons |
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Serotonin |
Used in brain areas of sleep, appetites, regulate mood
Support structures of learning and memory
Abnormalities: No motivation if not enough
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GABA |
I dont know |
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Amygdala |
Structures that respond/process emotional situations especially threats |
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Hypothalamus |
Involved with circadian cycles, eating, driking, temperature of your body |
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Cerebellum |
Precise moto movement, balance, coordination, automatic behavior |
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Reticular Formation |
Regulates cardio system, breathing, sleep/wake cycles |
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Hippocampus |
Important to explicit long term or "episodic" memory |
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Corpus Callosum |
Band of nerves that connect the two halves of the cortex
Allows hemispheres to communicate |
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Medulla |
Controls basic functions
Heartbeat
Most important |
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Thalamus |
Collects input from Sensory organs |
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Pons |
Sleep/wake cycles |
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Limbic System |
Consist of: Thalamus, Basal Ganglia, Amygdalae, Hippocampi, Hypothalamus, |
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Basa Ganglia |
Voluntary movement, learning new habits, planning |
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Cingulate Cortex |
I dont know |
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Nucleus Accumbens |
I dont know |
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Frontal Lobe |
Reasoning, planning, emotion, management |
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Parietal Lobe |
Spacial, math, attention, taste
Helps localize touch, pain, skin temp, and body position |
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Occipital Lobe |
Vision
Begins process of interpreting input from the eyes by responding to basic information about an image, such as its border, shading, color, and movement |
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Temporal Lobe |
Auditory Cortex Memory- recognition of objects and people |
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Sensation |
Detect stimuli in our enviroment |
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Perception |
Interpret information that's received from the environment |
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Transduction |
Process by which you receive physical energy transforms this into neural impulses |
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Psychophysics |
Process by which we identify things from things from our enviroment |
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Absolute Difference Thresholds |
The lowest magnitude of change that 50% of people can detect |
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Just Noticeable Difference |
How much something has to change for someone to notice its been changed |
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Rods |
Identify light |
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Cones |
Identify color
Sharp images |
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Trichromatic Theory |
Theory of color vision based on the existence of different types of cones for the detection of short (blue), medium (green), and long (red) wavelengths
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Opponent-Process Theory |
Theory of color vision that suggests we have a red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white color channel in which activation of one color in each pair inhibits the other |
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Broca's Region |
Difficulty in speaking, although comprehension of speech remains good |
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Wernicke's Region |
Speaks fluently, but makes absolutely no sense |
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Lateralization |
The localization of a function in either the right or left cerebral hemisphere |
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Light |
What is sensed
3 Properties Amplitude Frequency Wavelength |
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Color |
Perception of light
3 Properties Hue-saturation Lightness- intensity Saturation- deepness of color |
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Signal Detection Theory |
Signal- stimulus
Noise- everything else Detects actual intensity of a stimulus Individual observers criteria for deciding whether the stimulus occurred (Op Def) |
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Cornea |
Clear surface at the front of the eye that begins the process of directing light to the retina |
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Pupil |
Opening formed by the iris |
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Lens |
Clear structure behind the pupil that bends light toward the retina |
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Retina |
Layer of visual processing cells in the back of the eye
Processes light |
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Fovea |
Area of the retina that is specialized for highly detailed vision |
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Transmission of Neural Impulses Within a Neuron |
Electrical |
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Transmission of Neural Impulses between neurons |
Chemical |
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Synapse |
Point of communication between two neurons
Synaptic Vesicles- contain neurotransmitters
Synaptic Cleft- is where the neurotransmitters are released |
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Action Potential |
The electrical signal arising in a neurons axon |
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Resting Potentia |
-70 mV
Natural electrical state of neurons caused by distribution of ions |
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Refractory Period |
Nothing can pass in or out of the cell until after it has gone to resting potential |
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Law of Forward Conduciton |
Nerve Impulses occur in only one direction: from the dendrites to the terminal button of the axon |
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All-or-None Principle |
If the neuron receives sufficient activation to respond, it responds completely |
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Part of a Neuron |
Cell body- central part of the neuron Dendrites- treelike structure that receives info Axon- long, tail like struct that sends info Terminal Buttons- Structs at the end of the axon that release chems into the space between neurons Glial Cells- provide a structural matrix for neurons, ensuring they stay in place |
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Population |
The pool of applicants for a experiment |
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Sample |
Applicants picked for an experiment |
