Psych Study Guide 2

Front 1

Pos/Neg Reinforcement/Punishment?

You turn in hw on time
Teacher praises you
You turn in homework again on time

Back 1

Positive reinforcement

Front 2

Pos/Neg Reinforcement/Punishment?

you take aspirin for a headache
the headache goes away
you take aspirin next time you have a headache

Back 2

negative reinforcement

Front 3

Pos/Neg Reinforcement/Punishment?

you don't clean up your room when your parent asks you to
your parent yells at you
you clean up your room to avoid nagging

Back 3

positive punishment

Front 4

Pos/Neg Reinforcement/Punishment?

you violate curfew
you get grounded
you don't violate curfew next time

Back 4

negative punishment

Front 5

4 stages of observational learning and emulation (dr.?)

Back 5

Bandura's ______:
1. attention
2. retention
3. motor reproduction
4. reinforcement or incentive

Front 6

Definition of classical conditioning

and example

Back 6

learning by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response

i.e.: flower, bee, fear

Front 7

UCS definition & role in pavlov

Back 7

uncontrolled stimulus
a stimulus that produces a response without prior learning

i.e.: dogs food

Front 8

UCR definition & role in pavlov

Back 8

uncontrolled response:
unlearned response automatically elicited by the UCS

i.e.: dog's saliva

Front 9

CS def & role in pavlov

Back 9

conditioned stimulus
previously neutral stimulus that will eventually come to elicit the conditioned response after being associated with UCS

i.e.: bell

Front 10

CR def & role in pavlov

Back 10

conditioned response
learned response to CS after CS-UCS pairing

(i.e.: dog salivating at bell)

Front 11

Acquisition definition & factors

Back 11

acquisition: the initial learning of the stimulus-response link

factors:
timing & contingency/predictability

Front 12

Generalization (classical conditioning)

& ex.

Back 12

the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original CS to elicit a response similar to the CR

(i.e.: dogs salivating at sound of whistles)

Front 13

Discrimination (classical conditioning)

& ex.

Back 13

process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others

(i.e.: pavlov playing a whistle & not feeding the dog)

Front 14

extinction (classical conditioning)

Back 14

weakening of the CR in the absence of the UCS

Front 15

Spontaneous recovery (classical conditioning & operant)

Back 15

CR can return after a time delay without further conditioning

Front 16

operant conditioning

(def. & dr.)

Back 16

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Skinner

Front 17

operant behavior

Back 17

voluntary behavior that operates on the environment and produces rewarding or punishing stimuli

Front 18

Law of effect

(def & dr. & experiment)

Back 18

behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened, negative outcomes = weakened

Thorndike, cat in cage w/ lever

Front 19

Classical or Operant:

Is the organism learning associations between events it doesn't control?

Back 19

classical

Front 20

classical or operant:

is the organism learning associations between the behavior and the resulting events?

Back 20

operant