Psych Sg 4

Front 1

What are the hard and easy questions that the science of Consciousness needs to answer? How can these be studied?

Back 1

Hard- first person data (subjective experience)

Easy- Third person data (behavior and brain processes)

Front 2

What is blindsight?

Back 2

The ability to detect and identify visual stimuli by forced-choice guessing, or to demonstrate appropriate action to visual stimuli when the visual stimuli are present in blind portions and not consciously perceived

Front 3

Which area of the brain seems to be able to operate without conscious awareness?

Back 3

Striate cortex

Front 4

What is binocular rivalry?

Back 4

The two eyes see different things and we perceive them flipping back and forth

Front 5

How can the researcher use binocular rivalry to study consciousness?

Back 5

Make input of one eye mixed up signal and other eye the image and the mixed up signal is seen

Front 6

What is the split-brain effect?

Back 6

Corpus callosum that connects two halves of brain is severed the connections between the two are disrupted

Front 7

Where in the brain are Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area located?

Back 7

frontal lobe

Front 8

Stage 1 sleep

Back 8

light sleep

Front 9

Stage 2 sleep

Back 9

eye movement stops and brain slows down

Front 10

Stage 3 sleep

Back 10

deep sleep starts- delta (slow) waves start to move in brain

Front 11

Stage 4 sleep

Back 11

deep sleep- over 50% of brain is delta waves

Front 12

REM sleep

Back 12

rapid breathing, increased heart rate and blood pressure- dreams

Front 13

How can researchers measure the consciousness of an individual in a coma?

Back 13

Take pictures of brain while telling them to imagine something

Front 14

What does research on consciousness tell us about free will?

Back 14

The researcher could tell that the patient was going to move their finger before it actually moved

Front 15

What is the Modal Model of Memory?

Back 15

Sensory store----short-term-----long-term

Front 16

Rehearsal

Back 16

repeating info to extend duration of retention in short-term men

Type 1 - Maintenance, repeating stimuli in original form

Type 2- elaborative- linking stimuli to each other in meaningful way

Front 17

Encoding

Back 17

process of getting info into memory banks

Front 18

Retrieval

Back 18

reconstruction of experiences from memory stores

Front 19

What is Sensory memory?

Back 19

Brief storage of perceptual memory before it goes to short term memory

Front 20

How did the Sperling study measure the duration and capacity of sensory memory?

Back 20

The duration is very short because the participants memories faded before they could recall them all

Front 21

Echoic memory and length of it

Back 21

auditory sensory memory about 5-10 seconds

Front 22

Iconic memory and length of it

Back 22

visual sensory memory about 1 second

Front 23

What is Short-term memory? What is its capacity, duration and function?

Back 23

Memory system after sensory memory, around 20 seconds, memory is kept while thinking about it, then is either stored or forgotten

Front 24

What is chunking?

Back 24

Organizing info into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend span of stort-term memory

Front 25

What is the magic number?

Back 25

seven plus or minus two pieces of memory

Front 26

How did Peterson and Peterson study the duration of short-term memory?

Back 26

- they presented participants with 3 letter sets and asked them to recall them between 1-18 seconds later

Front 27

What is Long-term memory? What are its capacity, duration and function?

Back 27

Enduring retention of info (anywhere from minutes to years)Used to remember facts, experiences, and skills

Front 28

What are the different kinds of long-term memory?

Back 28

semantic, episodic, explicit, implicit

Front 29

semantic memory

Back 29

knowledge of facts about the world

Front 30

episodic memory

Back 30

recollection of events in our lives

Front 31

explicit memory

Back 31

we recall intentionally and have conscious awareness

Front 32

implicit memory

Back 32

we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously

Front 33

procedural memory

Back 33

how to do things (motor skills and habits)

Front 34

priming

Back 34

ability to identify a stimulus quicker after encountering it before

Front 35

Who is Clive Wearing? What kinds of things could he remember and what kinds of things could he not remember as a result of his brain injury? What do these deficits and retentions indicate about memory?

Back 35

He had his hippocampus severed in an accident. He could remember Paddington when told St Mary’s but when he saw his wife after being apart for 5 minutes he acted like itd been yearsHis explicit memory was gone but implicit memory was intact.

Front 36

What are the three levels of processing and what kinds of tasks are associated with each? Which will produce the best recall?

Back 36

1. Encoding- process of getting information into memory banks

2. Storage- process of keeping info in memory 3. Retrieval-reconstruction of experiences from memory storages

Front 37

What is a schema? How do schemas help/hinder memory?

Back 37

Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we’ve stored in memory

- they equip us with a frame of reference for new situations

Front 38

mnemonic

Back 38

learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall

Front 39

imagery

Back 39

associate an idea with a memorable image that aids recall

Front 40

Method of Loci

Back 40

Remembering a familiar route, if you need to remember a set, we place that set in an order along the common pathway or route.

Front 41

Keyword method

Back 41

ability to think of word that reminds you of what you’re trying to remember

Front 42

What is massed practice versus distributive practice?

Back 42

- studying in large increments over brief amount of time (massed)

-Studying in little bits over a long period of time (distributed)

- distributed is more effective

Front 43

tip-of-the-tongue-phenomenon

Back 43

experience of knowing something but being unable to access it

Front 44

encoding specificity

Back 44

being able to remember something better when under the conditions it was encoded

Front 45

flashbulb memory

Back 45

emotional memory that is very vivid and detailed