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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Major classes of antipsychotics and examples of each
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Typical: Haloperidol, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine
Atypical: Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine |
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Difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics in terms of their effect on symptoms of psychosis
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Typicals treat mainly the positive symptoms of psychosis, while atypicals work on both, the positive as well as negative symptoms.
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Autonomic side effects of antipsychotics and drug in which it is this commonly seen
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Autonomic side effects include anticholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retension, blurry vision, mydriasis), alpha 1 blockade (orthostatic hypotension), and antihistamine (sedation).
Auutonomic SE are common in high potency drugs such as haloperidol. |
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Class of antipsychotic drugs that is the treatment of choice for maintenance thereapy and why
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Atypical, newer agents are DOC for maintenance therapy due to their lower risk of EPS and greater effect on negative symptoms.
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Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and drugs in which it is commonly seen
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EPS include: acute dystonia, akathesia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
These are commonly seen in high potency and typical drugs such as haloperidol. |
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Characteristics of acute dystonia caused by antipsychotics
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Acute dystonia occurs within hours to days of treatment. The patient has muscle spasms or stiffness (torticollis, trismus), tongue protrusions and twisting, opisthotonos, and oculogyric crisis
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Treatment for acute dystonia caused by antipsychotics
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Antihistamine (diphenhydramine) or anticholinergic (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl)
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Characteristics of akathisia caused by antipsychotics
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Akathisia occurs within days of treatment. The patient has a subjective feeling of restlessness (pacing, inability to sit still)
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Treatment for akathisia caused by antipsychotics
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Beta blockers (propanolol)
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Characteristics of parkinsonism caused by antipsychotics
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Parkinsonism occurs within months of treatment. Patients have stiffness, cogwhee rigidity, shuffling gait, mask-like facies, and drooling
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Treatment for parkinsonism cuased by antipsychotics
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Antihistamine (diphenhydramine) or anticholinergic (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl)
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