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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of psychology
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The science of behavior and mental processes
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goals of psychology
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describe and explain behavior and the mind underlying it
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biological perspective
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explore the links between the brain and mind
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neuroscience
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How the nervous system works
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evolutionary
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specific traits allow us to survive
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behavior genetics
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How genes and the environment influence individual differences
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psychodynamic
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unconscious, lack of awareness
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behavioral
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focused on measurable behaviors
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cognitive
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perception, thinking, memory, language
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socio-cultural
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How we view and affect one another
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scientific attitude
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humility, curiosity, skepticism
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theory
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organizes observations and predicts behaviors
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hypothesis
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testable prediction
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illusory correlation
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perception of correlation where there is none
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Random assignment
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assigning participants to groups by chance to minimize preexisting differences between people in each group
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Standard deviation
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How much scores vary from the mean score
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statistical significance
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How likely that an obtained result occurred by chance
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neuron
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The basic building block of the nervous system
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axon
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passes messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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myelin sheath
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fatty tissue layer that enables faster transmission speeds
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synapse
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Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
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action potential
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a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers
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agonist
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mimics a neurotransmitter
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antagonist
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blocks a neurotransmitter's functioning
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autonomic
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controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
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sympathetic
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arousing
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parasympathetic
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calming
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somatic
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controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
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EEG
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recording of electrical waves on the brain's surface
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PET
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visual display of brain activity
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MRI
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shows brain anatomy
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fMRI
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shows brain function
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medulla
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controls heartbeat and breathing
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reticular formation
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nerve network in the brain that controls arousal
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thalamus
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"brain's sensory switchboard", directs messages and replies
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cerebellum
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coordination of movement and balance
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hypothalamus
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body's ultimate control and information-processing center
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frontal lobe
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speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements
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parietal lobe
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touch and body position
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temporal lobe
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hearing
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occipital lobe
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seeing
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corpus callosum
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severing can reduce epileptic seizures
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