Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
-brain has role in transducing stimuli
--somagenic stimulation:sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touch --psychogenic stimultion: thoughts, emotions, memories, fantasies --brain interprets stimuli as erotic:sexual responding is potentiated --brain interprets stimuli as non-erotic:sexual responding inhibited -brain has role in sexual responding --specific areas (hypothalamus, brainstem) activiate or inhibit pelvic nerves --hormones that influence sex response (testosterone,etc.) under control of brain |
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
-comprised of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
|
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
-sensory pthway from body carry touch info to brain
--genital:sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin (penis, clirotirs, etc) in pudendal nerve --non-genital: sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout whole body surface (things, earlobes, lips) -motor pathways control muscle contractions --genital muscle group -erection: ischiocavernosa, bulbosponsiosum muscles -ejaculation: epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra -orgasm: myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus --non-genital: muslce in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen;grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
|
|
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
|
-comprised of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
|
|
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
-visceral branch
-genital branch -lumbar spine center: involved in genital response triggered by input from brain (thoughts trigger genital response) -sacral spine center: involved in genital response triggered by stimulation of genitals (reflexive, involuntary response) |
|
|
visceral branch of PSNS
|
-visceral branch produced vegetal tone;controls internal organs
|
|
|
genital branch of PSNS
|
-genital branch produced genital tone (turned on); controls sensory input from genital to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow to genital tissue
|
|
|
visceral PSNS tone
|
(vegging out)
|
|
|
genital PSNS tone
|
getting turned on
|
|
|
sympathetic nervous system SNS
|
-meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-fight or flight response -active inhibition of blood flow to genitals |
|
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
-brain has role in transducing stimuli
--somagenic stimulation:sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touch --psychogenic stimultion: thoughts, emotions, memories, fantasies --brain interprets stimuli as erotic:sexual responding is potentiated --brain interprets stimuli as non-erotic:sexual responding inhibited -brain has role in sexual responding --specific areas (hypothalamus, brainstem) activiate or inhibit pelvic nerves --hormones that influence sex response (testosterone,etc.) under control of brain |
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
-comprised of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
|
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
-sensory pthway from body carry touch info to brain
--genital:sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin (penis, clirotirs, etc) in pudendal nerve --non-genital: sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout whole body surface (things, earlobes, lips) -motor pathways control muscle contractions --genital muscle group -erection: ischiocavernosa, bulbosponsiosum muscles -ejaculation: epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra -orgasm: myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus --non-genital: muslce in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen;grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
|
|
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
|
-comprised of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
|
|
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
-visceral branch
-genital branch -lumbar spine center: involved in genital response triggered by input from brain (thoughts trigger genital response) -sacral spine center: involved in genital response triggered by stimulation of genitals (reflexive, involuntary response) |
|
|
visceral branch of PSNS
|
-visceral branch produced vegetal tone;controls internal organs
|
|
|
genital branch of PSNS
|
-genital branch produced genital tone (turned on); controls sensory input from genital to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow to genital tissue
|
|
|
visceral PSNS tone
|
(vegging out)
|
|
|
genital PSNS tone
|
getting turned on
|
|
|
sympathetic nervous system SNS
|
-meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-fight or flight response -active inhibition of blood flow to genitals |
|
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
-brain has role in transducing stimuli
--somagenic stimulation:sights, sounds, smells, tastes, touch --psychogenic stimultion: thoughts, emotions, memories, fantasies --brain interprets stimuli as erotic:sexual responding is potentiated --brain interprets stimuli as non-erotic:sexual responding inhibited -brain has role in sexual responding --specific areas (hypothalamus, brainstem) activiate or inhibit pelvic nerves --hormones that influence sex response (testosterone,etc.) under control of brain |
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
-comprised of somatic and autonomic nervous systems
|
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
-sensory pthway from body carry touch info to brain
--genital:sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin (penis, clirotirs, etc) in pudendal nerve --non-genital: sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout whole body surface (things, earlobes, lips) -motor pathways control muscle contractions --genital muscle group -erection: ischiocavernosa, bulbosponsiosum muscles -ejaculation: epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra -orgasm: myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus --non-genital: muslce in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen;grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
|
|
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
|
-comprised of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
|
|
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
-visceral branch
-genital branch -lumbar spine center: involved in genital response triggered by input from brain (thoughts trigger genital response) -sacral spine center: involved in genital response triggered by stimulation of genitals (reflexive, involuntary response) |
|
|
visceral branch of PSNS
|
-visceral branch produced vegetal tone;controls internal organs
|
|
|
genital branch of PSNS
|
-genital branch produced genital tone (turned on); controls sensory input from genital to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow to genital tissue
|
|
|
visceral PSNS tone
|
(vegging out)
|
|
|
genital PSNS tone
|
getting turned on
|
|
|
sympathetic nervous system SNS
|
-meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-fight or flight response -active inhibition of blood flow to genitals |
|
|
fight or flight response
|
response to fight or flee from attack
|
|
|
sensory pathway
|
--genital:sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin (penis, clirotirs, etc) in pudendal nerve
--non-genital: sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout whole body surface (things, earlobes, lips) |
|
|
motor pathway
|
--genital muscle group
-erection: ischiocavernosa, bulbosponsiosum muscles -ejaculation: epididymis, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra -orgasm: myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus --non-genital: muslce in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen;grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
|
|
somatogenic stimulation
|
-sights sounds smells, tastes, touch (pressure, pain, temp)
|
|
|
psychogenic stimulations
|
-thoughts, emotions, memories, fantasies
|
|
|
organizing effects
|
-anatomical development: prenatal, pubertal
-reproduction-cycle vs. no cycle -behavior: mounting vs. lordosis (mammals) -identity: gender, orientation |
|
|
activating effects
|
-libido: testosterone in both male and females
-orgasm: oxytocin -lubrication: estradiol -erection: nitric oxide, prostaglandins |
|
|
vasocongestion
|
-arterial relaxation in pelvic area, increased blood flow
-venous constriction traps blood in pelvic tissue |
|
|
pelvic venous constriction
|
-traps blood in pelvic tissue
|
|
|
pelvic venous dilation
|
-relaxation to pelvic region
-increased blood flow to region |
|
|
engorgement, detumescence
|
female: lubrication of vaginal introitus, clitoral erection, labial thickening and lengthening, swollen feeling in genital area
male: hardening and changing of angle of penis, increasing size of penis |
|
|
vaginal lubrication
|
extrusion of interstitial fluid through vaginal mucosal wall
|
|
|
uterine tenting
|
elevation of uterus up into abdominal cavity
|
|
|
vaginal ballooning
|
upper vagina expands, lengthens
|
|
|
sex flush
|
blushing response--in some individuals
|
|
|
orgasmic platform
|
swelling of clitoral bulbs, tissues in vaginal introitus form orgasmic platform
|
|
|
myotonia
|
sustained muscle tone
|
|
|
pre-ejaculate
|
-drops released before ejaculation
-alkaline |
|
|
desire phase
|
biological drive
-being horny -important for both roles -adversely affected by health, diet, stress, disease, depression -great individual and gender variance in awareness of drive psychological motivation (sex wish) -internal feeling states -external stimuli (words, odors, body language) -conscious expectations for sex expression -social and cultural norms about sex frequency -adversely affected by conditional emotional responses -great individual and gender variation response-->greater in female than male |
|
|
excitement phase
|
-psychogenic and somagenic sex stimulation
-genital PSNS tone -appearance of vasocongestion in pelvic organs -female -engorgement -clitoral swelling, nipple erection -ballooning, tenting -sex flush male -engorgement -nipple erection -sex flush |
|
|
plateau phase
|
-maintain PSNS genital tone
-vasocongestion reaches maximum -myotonia -escalating BP, RR, pulse female -uterus doubles in size -clitoris retracts under hood, max size of c. spongiosum -vaginal muscle dilation -orgasmic platform -bulbourethral (Bartholin's) gland secretion -color change in labia--imminent orgasm male -max enlargement -cowpers gland secretion -spermatic cord shortens-->elevation of testes to full extenet-->imminent orgasm |
|
|
orgasmic phase
|
-switch to SNS tone--BP, RR, pulse peak
-rhythmic contractions in PC muscles -waves of pleasurable sensations in pelvis--radiate to extremities -release of oxytocin from pituitary triggers pleasurable sensations female -cervical os opens -rhythmic contractions of vagina, uterus, anus, PC muscles -release of fluid vie urethra (noticeable in only 1-5% of women) -spasmodic skeletal muscle contractions male -emission:synchronized contraction of vas, prostate, ejac duct, release of sperm and semen in penile bulb, ejaculation -orgasm-PC muscles contract -skeletal muscles contract spastically -ejaculate produced at puberty -retrograde ejac into bladder possible |
|
|
resolution phase
|
-return to PSNS tone
-reversal of vasocongestion and mytonia -decrease BP, RR, and pulse -lots of sweat -multiple orgasm can occur -refractory period -engorgement extent determines speed of resolution -resolution without orgasm occurs slower female -slower resolution--can have multiple orgasm -some may experience refractory period male -first: detumescence of c. cavernosa=loss of erection -second: detumescence of c. spongiosum=loss of enlargement -spermatic cord lengthens, testes go to usual position -multiple orgasm possible -refractory period in some males function of age or expectations resolution w/out orgasm -chronic pelvic congestion -slower in females than males |
|
|
refractory period
|
PSNS reestablished and body becomes insensitive to further erotogenic stimulation
|
|
|
orgasm
|
female
-occur from stimulation from many (g spot, clitoris, vaginal, uterine) -genital arousal response different types of stimulation (vaginal, clitoral, anal, nipple) one characteristic pattern -different patterns of orgasm in different women male -ejac and orgasm not identical--ejac is not proof of orgasm -different patterns of orgasm among men effective stimulation to orgasm -females: masturbation oral, manual sex, coitus -male: masturbation, coitus, manual-oral --low frequency of orgasm during coitus for many women --low frequency of simultaneous orgasms in experienced couples --faking orgasm occurs in females and males |
|
|
chronic pelvic congestion
|
-result of resolution without orgasm
|
|
|
multiple orgasm
|
PSNS tone achieved and maintained return to excitement phase and additional orgasms occur
|
|
|
hypoactive sexual desire
|
-lack of sexual desire
-initiates few sex experiences -erotophobia physiological causes -stress hormones inhibit desire -hormone deficienes, imbalances psychological causes -stress -depression, guilt, shame, self-blame -anxiety, PTSD, eating disorders -sexual victimization (rape) -sex repressive development (religious) -relationship/emotional intimacy issues |
|
|
hyperactive sexual desire
|
-obsessive sexual thoughts and desires
-compulsive sex behavior--sex contact doesn't satisfy -driven by avoidance of aversive internal emotional state (anxiety, loneliness) psychological causes -vandalized love maps: need to prove attractiveness/desirability -childhood abandonment -cope with low self-worth -mental illness: OCD, depression |
|
|
sex addiction
|
hyperactive sex drive
|
|
|
dyspareunia
|
painful coitus
-irritation, pain in pelvic organs -most common in women physiological causes: -vaginal infections, STIs, supression of lubrication from meds (BC) or decreased estrogen -scar tissue from delivery -chronic cystitis, urethral prolapse -prostaglandins in semen produce paiful uterine spas, -clitoral hood adhesions, damage -pelvic disorders -abnormal vaginal anatomy psychological causes -anxiety, fear of coitus -failure to develop lubricating response -strict religion -pregnancy fears |
|
|
vaginismus
|
painful, involuntary, reflexive, clonic spasm of PC muscle, prevents penetration
physiological causes -unkown -psychological causes -fear of coitus, pregnancy -previous trauma -sexual guilt paradoxical response -some females suffer become aroused from other types of stimulation besides coitus |
|
|
anorgasmia
|
-inhibited female orgasm
-no known physiological causes -psychological causes --traumatic experiences --strict religion --lack of self-knowledge/shame of body --society expectations: females stay non-sexual --unconscious psychological conflict -secondary to clinical depression -secondary to hyperactive sexual desire |
|
|
situational inhibited orgasm
|
-orgasm only during some activities
-considered normal, not dysfunction per se causes -fatigue -dyspareunia -drugs (alcohol, antidepressants, etc.) -vaginal tissue damage psychological causes -poor communication with partner -lack of sufficient stimulation -partner conflict -anxiety about performance -lack of trust -fear of pregnancy -history of faking -inexperience, ignorant or inconsiderate sex partner |
|
|
global erectile dysfunction
|
-organic: no erection during sleep
-psycho: during sleep but not under sex circumstances -mixed: organic exacerbated by psycho physio causes: -damage, malformation of penis -hormone insufficiency, test disease, pituitary disease -alcoholism -medication use-->antidepressant, etc -nerve damage -diabetes -nicotine use (vascular, circulatory disease) psycho causes -religion -traumatic experience -second to depression -unconscious psycho conflict |
|
|
transient, situational dysfunction
|
situational:
-erection in some situation but not others/doesn't maintain erection transient: temporary, one time physio causes -fatigue -alcohol, drugs, meds -aging psycho causes: -partner conflict -perfomrance anxiety -distracted from stress -insufficient stimulation -no erection--avoid embarrassing situation |
|
|
premature ejaculation
|
-no control of timing of ejac
-most common male problem organic causes (rare) -prostatitis, diseases on nervous system, some drugs psycho causes: -anxiety, guilt--unconscious desire to end -poor learning exp--masturbation, quickie sex, etc -low threshold for stimulation (lack of experience, desensitization) -performance demands creates anxiety -partner conflict -males with anorgasmic partners--learn rapid response |
|
|
inhibited male orgasm
|
-can't finish sex with ejac/orgasm
organic causes -fatigue, diseases on nervous system, parkinson's, diabetes, drugs psycho causes -insufficient stimulation -need to stay in control -guilt -anxiety -insufficiently aroused before ejac |
