Psych Midterm 1

Front 1

Primary Reinforcers
Secondary Reinforcers

Back 1

p: incentives able to act as rewards w/o prior learning
s: incentives that gain their status through learning or other events ($)

Front 2

Drive Theories
incentive theories

Back 2

-internal reasons for motivation
-external reasons for motivation

Front 3

Wanting:
Liking

Back 3

Wanting: Anticipation of pleasure
Liking: comes from wanting in the past,
pleasure at the moment

Front 4

Dopamine system

Back 4

seems to serve as the currency for reward w/in the brain (from brainstem to pre-frontal cortex)

Front 5

Homeostasis
Set point

Back 5

constant internal state (equilibrium)
set point: value that homeostatic system tries to maintain
+/-10C = death
set point for weight/fat cells does not change only size of fat cells change, therefore dieting w/o exercise not forever

Front 6

Hypothalamus

Back 6

part of the brain that recognizes temperature/thirst/hunger changes.
can be fooled w/ stimulation

thirst: neurons become activated when salt level of blood rises-causing dehydration of these neurons

hunger: recognizes lower levels of glucose, signals hunger
Integrated Hunger Assessment: liver + stomach together

Front 7

Extracellular Thirst
Intracellular Thirst

Back 7

e: when our bodies lose water b/c we haven't drank or exercise extensively
i: CAUSED BY OSMOSIS
moved from zones of plentiful water to zones of less

Front 8

Conditioned Aversion
Conditioned Satiety

Back 8

A:Associative memories of food w/ something else unpleasant afterwards--come to hate the food
S: fullness we feel after a meal is at least in part a product of learning--when able to eat w/e amounts we please

Front 9

Alliesthesia

Back 9

final interaction b/w food incentives and homeostasis
-any external stimulus that fixes internal problem is pleasurable

Front 10

Vagus nerve

Back 10

receptors on stomach send signal of "feed me" through vagus nerve
also receive/send signals for the liver

Front 11

Duddenum

Back 11

=part of the intestines that receives food from stomach
=signal sent as a chemical --CCK

Front 12

CCK

Back 12

hormone that causes digestion but also works its way to the brain and is recepted

Front 13

liver

Back 13

receptors in the liver are highly sensitive to changes in blood nutrients
--send signal through vagus nerve

Front 14

Ventromedial v lateral hypothalamic

Back 14

ventro: lesioning CAUSES hunger
electrical stimulation DECREASES hunger
lateral: lesioning DECREASES hunger
electrical stimulation INCREASES hunger
CHANGE SET POINT DON'T CAUSE OR RUIN HUNGER ALL TOGETHER

Front 15

Ghrelin

Back 15

hormone released by stomach to tell of hunger
produced w/ stretch/contract of stomach; sent out when neural signal sent through vagus nerve

Front 16

Regional Food preferences

Back 16

preferences of spicyness due to latitude/temperature as high temp. used spicier foods to kill bacteria, vice-versa

Front 17

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Back 17

psychological disorder in which people imagine problems w/ their body which are false
go to drastic measures to fix
after "fixing" still feel like there is a problem

Front 18

body mass index

Back 18

relative weight compared to the "norm"

Front 19

Hunger Regulation Cycle

Back 19

regulated by hypothalamus: lateral part

Front 20

recreational/social eating

Back 20

eating for fun or to be social (drinking too)

Front 21

poor diet theory

Back 21

reason for peoples increased obesity is bc of fast past and subsequent need for quick, unhealthily made foods

Front 22

complex carbs
simple carbs

Back 22

c: harder to break down, take longer,
s: easy to break down, faster metabolised

Front 23

gender identity
Theories of sex typing

Back 23

characterizing oneself as either male or female
acquistion of behavior indicative of culturally accepted items
kids are sex-typed bc sex is a major focus of their culture/environment

Front 24

Gender Schema

Back 24

set of beliefts about gender...looking through the world w/ gender lenses
considered counter intuitive to gender equality

Front 25

Androgenization

Back 25

influence of androgen
--androgen creates male. w/o it, person born will be female.
also operates on brain cells

Front 26

Gonadotropin releasing factors

Back 26

stimulate the pituitary gland which creates sex hormones--activate goands

Front 27

sexual orientation

Back 27

degree to which he/she is sexually attracted to others
a CONTINUUM
usually determined by adolescence

Front 28

exotic-becomes-erotic

Back 28

posits a critical, but limited role for biology in determining sexual orient
nature then nurture backs up or goes against

Front 29

imprinting

Back 29

early rapid learning that allows a newbordn to develop attachment to its mother
or closest social figure

Front 30

Mere exposure effect

Back 30

finding that familiarity (how close in proximity people are) all by itself increases liking

Front 31

transference

Back 31

our liking of a new person is influenced by if they remind us of someone from the past

Front 32

self-expansion

Back 32

close relationships should increase one's potential abilities and resources

Front 33

passionate love

Back 33

intensily emotinal state in which there is a confusino of feelings

Front 34

compassionate love

Back 34

affection we feel for those whose lives are intertwined w/ our own
long term holder

Front 35

triange theory

Back 35

love comprises of mixing of intimacy, passion, commitment
consummate love is the greatest

Front 36

companionate love

Back 36

full of commitment and intimacy, lack of passion

Front 37

Red Queen Hypothesis

Back 37

reproduction allows for more DNA combinations, harder to succumb to disease

Front 38

engine & gearbox

Back 38

cells able to work better together than separately

Front 39

scaffolding

Back 39

adults impose proper way to act on children @ early age

Front 40

propinquity effect

Back 40

closer you are to something, better the chance of liking it

Front 41

sexual response cycle

Back 41

excitement
plateau
orgasm
refractory

women not forced to refractory after orgasm, males are
ANXIETY hurts sexual behavior

Front 42

paraphilias

Back 42

result from many circumstances...could be paired through learning with sexual acts, general enjoyment of violence
can have fetish for anything

Front 43

Red Queen Hypothesis

Back 43

reproduction allows for more DNA combinations, harder to succumb to disease

Front 44

engine & gearbox

Back 44

cells able to work better together than separately

Front 45

scaffolding

Back 45

adults impose proper way to act on children @ early age

Front 46

propinquity effect

Back 46

closer you are to something, better the chance of liking it

Front 47

sexual response cycle

Back 47

excitement
plateau
orgasm
refractory

women not forced to refractory after orgasm, males are
ANXIETY hurts sexual behavior

Front 48

paraphilias

Back 48

result from many circumstances...could be paired through learning with sexual acts, general enjoyment of violence
can have fetish for anything