Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sequence of processing information
|
Information -> sensory preceptors ->sensory neurons -> thalamus -> primary cortex - > other areas of the brain
|
|
Threshold
|
sensitivity
|
|
Detection
|
the point where nothing turns to just sensing
|
|
Discrimination
|
two stimuli with different qualities (just noticeable difference)
|
|
Signal detection approach
|
-Threshold is a range
- Can be affected by motivation, background noise |
|
Adaptation
|
decline in sensitivity when stimulation is prolonged and unchanging
|
|
Interaction
|
sensation/ perception in one sensory system is affected by information from another sensory system
|
|
Figure and ground
|
distinguish between the two to make sense of what we are perceiving
|
|
Closure
|
(like the circles) we automatically close segments to create a uniform shape
|
|
Simplicity
|
we perceive the simplest form possible
|
|
Context
|
We judge the context of an image to help make sense of it
(priest on football field, player in cathedral) |
|
How do we make depth?
|
Eyes get slightly different image of world to make depth
|
|
Perceptual set
|
- readiness to perceive something in a particular way
○ Contributes to top-down processing ○ Speedy and usually accurate |
|
Inattentional blindness
|
selection prevents us from fully perceiving scenario
|
|
Consciousness
|
awareness, attention
|
|
what kind of brain waves are emitted while a person is awake?
|
Beta (high frequency activity)
|
|
what kind of brain waves are emitted while a person is drowsy?
|
Alpha
|
|
Stage 1 sleep
|
slight slowing of waves - fewer neurons firing
|
|
Stage 2
|
bigger shift -sleep spindles (bran looks like it's falling asleep)
|
|
Slow wave sleep (stages 3&4)
|
-large ups and downs - reduced frequency
-Much less frequency - deepest stages |
|
REM sleep
|
-followers shallower stage (mimics stage 1)
-Brain very active, a lot of dreaming - Almost no contracted muscle tone |
|
atonia
|
relaxation of muscles
|
|
pattern of sleep
|
shallow, deep, shallow, REM
|
|
As night goes on we have less ________and More ________
|
less deep sleep, more REM
|
|
Ways to reduce typical insomnia
|
a. Exercise but not close to bedtime
b. Avoid alcohol, nicotine, caffeine c. Avoid or limit naps d. Find ways to relax before bedtime |
|
what about sleeping pills?
|
Cannot Fix Insomnia
a. Only short term measure b. Harder to get normal sleep |
|
Effects of sleep deprivation
|
i. Excessive sleepiness
ii. Interferes with memory and retention |
|
Microsleep
|
unintentional sleep that you are unaware of (eyes still open)
|
|
The rebound effect
|
alters the deep sleep cycle (to get more REM?)
|
|
Sleep debt
|
- Brain keeps track of how much sleep you lost over ~ 2 weeks
- Influences how much extra sleep will benefit you |
|
why is it difficult to recall dreams?
|
Inhibition of hippocampus during REM
|
|
Why are dreams so strange?
|
Supresses judgement and attention (frontal lobe)
|
|
Supernatural and psychoanalytic dream interpretation
|
symbolic
|
|
Cognitive
|
a. Thoughts formed while awake are still being processed while asleep
b. Dreaming is an extension of daytime thinking c. Walking activities, events, concerns, etc. interfere with dream content |
|
Neurocognitive
|
activation/synthesis
a. First random activity b. Next, organize/interpret brain activity c. Dreams are the results of trying to make sense of random brain activity d. Waking activities, events, concerns, etc influence dream content |
|
What are the two main characteristics of hypnosis?
|
1. Selective attention
2. Heightened suggestibility |
|
What must you have to experience hypnosis?
|
a. Ability to focus attention
b. Vivid imagination c. Willingness to operate |
|
all hypnosis is....?
|
self-hypnosis
|
|
Hypnosis as role playing
|
a. Willing subjects act out suggested role
b. People do strange things because 1) They feel safe 2) The feel they can't be held responsible |
|
Can hypnosis influence memory?
|
cannot improve, often creates false memories
|
|
Legitimate uses of Hypnosis
|
1. Change behavioral habits
a. Smoking, overeating, nail biting 2. Pain management 3. Relaxation |