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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is empirical research?
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Its when the person collects data relevant to their research interests using experimental or non-experimental procedures, and by analyzing the data to answer a particular research question.
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What is the essential feature of an experimental method?
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manipulating an event. this is so you can observe the effects of this even on another phenomenon
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What is a hypothesis?
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The beginning of the empirical research process. It's a specific research prediction
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What are variables?
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Attributes or properties that can change and have at least two levels or values.
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What is an independent variable?
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Variable that is under the experimenter's control
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What is a dependent variable?
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The variable the experimenter measures
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What is a true experiment considered as?
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the manipulation of the IV must be under the control of the experimenter
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What is a quasi-IV?
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variables that you cannot manipulate
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What is the difference between Between-subjects and Within-subjects?
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Between- each participant receives only one level of the IV or one experimental condition (ex. only taking the paper and pencil test rather than both paper and computer test)
Within- When each participant receives all levels of the IV or all experimental conditions (group takes both paper and computer test rather than just one and comparing it to the other group) |
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What is random assignment?
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means that every participant has an equal chance of being assigned to the computer test or the paper test
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Extraneous variables
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any variables present in an experiment that are not the IV or DV
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Gender is an example of what?
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extraneous variables
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Give an example of confounding behavior
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females are told to take the paper test and males are told to take the online test. How do we know that the gender variable isn't giving the wrong data?
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What does random assignment help us to control?
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extraneous variables
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experimental groups-
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group that receives the relevant manipulation
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control group
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group that is treated as much like the experimental group as possible, except for the relevant manipulation of the IV
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What are operational definitions?
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they provide the exact operations or procedures you will use in manipulating the IV and measuring the DV
Example- Who, what, where, when, why? Who will be taking the test...? specify how the procedure will go |
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Non experimental methods cannot be used to determine ____.
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cause and effect relationships
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What can you do with non-experimental methods?
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-describe events, such as describing factors
-predicting events |
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What is a quasi-experiment?
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when the variables cannot be manipulated
ex. tall people vs. short people type A vs. type B personality |
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What is correlational research?
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useful in determining the magnitude of a relationship between two variables
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What is an observational study?
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behavior is observed
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What is a casey study?
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when one individual is investigated intensively
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What is a survey?
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information on many variables is gathered
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