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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Memory
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information that has been stored and can be retrieved
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Encoding
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The process of converting information into a form that can enter our brain
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Storage
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The process of retaining information
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Retrieval
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Bringing stored memory back to consciousness
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Sensory memory
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Sensory data that enters our mind and is briefly processed as memory
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short-term memory
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Memory in our conscious thought. Lasts approximately 15 seconds.
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rehearsal
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The process of encoding short term memory into long term memory
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long-term memory
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memory stored for an extended period of time
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Working memory
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A newer understanding of the concept of short term memory. Defines working memory as the level on which we combine incoming sensory information with long term information to solve problems.
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Automatic processing
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memories that are processed without us realizing it
-space -time -frequency |
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Effortful processing
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When we make a concious effort to remember info. aka studying.
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Rehersal
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Conscious repetition of an idea to aid in precessing memory
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Spacing effect
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Idea that we retain information better when rehersal is distributed over time.
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Serial Position Effect
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When given a long list of words to remember (like we did in class), the order in which the words are given affects which ones we remember
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Recency effect
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Words that were given to us last we are more likely to remember because they are still in our working memory
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Primacy
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Words that were given to us first are more likely to be remembered because we had more time to process them as long term memory
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Encoding meaning
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We encode concepts better if we have meaning attached to them
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Imagery
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We remember concepts better if we can picture them in our mind.
Remember "bird" better than "inherent" |
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Mnemonic devices
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Tools to help memory storage and retrival
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Chunking
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We concepts organize words in to familiar, manageable chunks.
Example: "nickels seven any in stitch dont" easier than "klcisne nvese yna ni csttih tnod" |
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Iconic memory
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A fleeting memory of an image. We remember all of what we see for approximately a tenth of a second.
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Echoic memory
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A fleeting memory of a sound.
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Long Term Potentiation
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The more we remember a specific concept, the stronger that neuron's firing becomes. Thus, we learn that material better.
This explains why we understand concepts that we encounter often better than those we do not |
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Flashbulb memories
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Extremely clear memories that people remember of surprising, or significant events in their lives.
i.e. 9/11, most people know where they were |
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Amnesia
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When people are unable to either
1. retrieve old memories or 2. form new memories |
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Implicit memory
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Memories that are used without conscious recall. Example: riding a bike. We do not have to think about riding a bike, we just do.
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Explicit memory
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Memories that we consciously recall.
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Hippocampus
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A brain structure in the limbic system that lays down explicit memories for facts and episodes.
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Cerebellum
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Processes other memories involving skills and conditioning
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Recall
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The ability to state an explicit memory.
i.e. essay writing |
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Recognition
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The ability to recognize information as previously learned
i.e. multiple choice |
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Relearning
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Once exposed to information, we are also able to relearn it faster than we initially learned it
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Priming
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The objects that we have been recently exposed to influences the memories that we are able to recall.
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deja vu
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When being in a similar context of a processed memory triggers that memory.
Eerie sense that "I have been in this situation before" |
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Mood-congruent theory
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Our mood predicts the kind of memories that we will be able to retrieve.
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