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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the medical modesl |
way of thinking about psychological disorders as diseases, highlights biological components |
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What is a disorder? |
disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and/or behavior that cause significant personal distress and may cause distress to significant others as well -stem from internal dysfunction |
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What is comorbidity? |
the co-occurrence of 2 or more disorders |
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What is the Intervention Causation Fallacy? |
the idea that treatment is going to address the cause of the disorder |
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What is an integrated approach? |
focuses not just on one biological cause, but also psychological and environmental factors |
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What is the diathesis-stress model? |
-considers internal and external causes -emphasizes interaction of predisposition and experience of stressful events -as vulnerability ans stress level increase, threshold lowers |
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What percentage of people with disorders don't seek treatment? |
70% |
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What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? |
anxiety disorder, chronic excessive worry with at least three of: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance 3.1% of US pop, twice as many women as men |
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What are the characteristics of panic disorders? |
sudden physical symptoms, multiple symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror (panic attacks), 3.5% of US pop |
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What is agoraphobia? |
severe anxiety about being in situations from which escape may be difficult, correlates with panic disorder |
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Is OCD an anxiety disorder? |
not anymore |
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What percentage of the population has OCD? |
roughly 1.3%, slightly more women |
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What is Major Depressive Disorder? |
sever depression for 2+ weeks, lasts 12 weeks on average, signs in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
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What is the helplessness Theory? |
people are likely to say something is a result of an internal stable characteristic |
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What are warning signs for suicide? |
suddenly being in a good mood after being depressed, discussing intentions |
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What is the 11th leading cause of death in the US? |
Suicide |
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What is Bipolar Disorder? |
not a mood disorder anymore -cycles of mania and depression likely to be anxiously or avoidantly attached |
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What is DID? |
Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder) -presnece w/in an individual of 2 or more distinct identities that take control at different times |
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What is dissociative amnesia? |
the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information |
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What is Dissociative Fugue? |
The Sudden loss of memory for one's personal history from home and the assumption of a new identity |
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What kind of a disorder is schizophrenia? |
A dissociative disorder |
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What are characteristics of schizophrenia? |
disruption of basic psychological process, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, disturbances in thought, motivation, behaviors |
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What is the Dopamine Hypothese? |
idea that schizophrenia involves excess of dopamine activity |
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What percentage of Americans have seen a therapist? |
nearly 20% |
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What are Tx studies? |
they evaluate a therapy by comparing a treated group to a control group |
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What are effectiveness studies? |
they determine which types of Tx are most effective |
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What is the difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics? |
typical: block dopamine receptors, only work for positive symptoms
atypical: block both dopamine and serotonin receptors, work for positive and negative symptoms, have milder side effects |
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What are MAOIs? |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, antidepressants with strong side effects |
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What are SSRIs? |
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (antidepressants that raise levels of serotonin in synapse)
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what are two types of SSRIs? |
Prozac and Celexa |
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What is psychotherapy? |
the interaction between therapist and a client with a psychological issue with the goal of providing support/relief from symptoms |
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What are the most common types of antianxiety medications? and what are three specific drugs? |
benzodiazepines
valium, ativan, xanax |
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Who was Melanie Klein? |
thought primitive fantasies of loss and persecution may underlie mental illness |
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Who was Alred Adler? |
he linked emotional conflict to perceptions of inferiority |
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Who was Carl Jung? |
moder psychoanalysis: emphasized collective unconscious and developmental processes |
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What does the modern Freudian approach "conflict theory" focus on? |
conscious and unconscious conflicts among desires
ego functioning ability to mentalize |
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what is the ability to mentalize? |
ability to hold in mind both own and others' perspectives and thus relate well to others |
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What is Person Centered Therapy? |
it assumes all individuals have a tendency toward growth
uses congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
type of humanistic/existential therapy |
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What is Gestalt Therapy? |
an existential approach with the goal of helping the client become aware of thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and take responsibility for them
focuses on the present |
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What is Behavioral Therapy? |
treatment that involves extinction, and the use of positive/negative reinforcement |
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What is cognitive therapy? |
treatment that helps identify and correct distorted thinking about self, others, or the world |
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What is CBT? |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies |
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What are the major components of CBT? |
psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, and exposure |
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What are the DSM 5 criteria for specific phobias? |
1.marked fear of specific object/situation 2.fear out of proportion to threat 3.exposure results in immediate anxiety 4.endured with stress or avoided 5.symptoms present for at least six months 6.not accounted for by another disorder |
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Who is the founder of modern positive psychology? |
Martin Seligman |
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What are Martin Seligman's 5 crucial elements of well-being? |
1.positive emotion 2.engagement 3.relationships 4.meaning 5.accomplishment |
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What was the Boyce and Wood study? |
compared people with a disability vs lottery winners |
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What is the impact bias? |
the tendency to estimate the length or intensity of future feeling states for certain events (like elections, tests, discrimination, relationships) |
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What is Hedonic Adaptation? |
the fact that we quickly adapt to changes, good or bad, to maintain a stable level of happiness |
