Psych Final - Development

Front 1

zygote

Back 1

fertilized egg, up to 2 weeks after conception

Front 2

germinal stage

Back 2

zygote divides and implantation in uterus occurs

Front 3

embryonic stage

Back 3

implantation to 2 months, differentiation of different cells

Front 4

fetal stage

Back 4

2 months - birth. Survival possible after 7 months...basic reflexes such as sucking, crying, are present.

Front 5

myelination

Back 5

formation of fatty sheath (myelin) around axons of brain cell

Front 6

teratogen

Back 6

agents that cause birth defects and damage process of development...ex. lead in water, radiation, etc.

Front 7

fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 7

signs: mental retardation, developmental disorders, facial features

Front 8

marasmus

Back 8

severe malnutrition, lack of calories and protein, causes wasting

Front 9

kwashiorkor

Back 9

severe malnutrition, not enough protein causes edema, swollen abdomen, etc.

Front 10

failure to thrive

Back 10

inadequate growth in early childhood, usually underlying medica cause

Front 11

non-organic failure to thrive

Back 11

inadequate growth in early childhood due to lack of proper care, feeding, etc. Risks...family with economic or psychological problems, etc.

Front 12

psychosocial dwarfism

Back 12

short stature or growth failure or delayed development observed with emotional deprivation

Front 13

Thyroxin

Back 13

hormone secreted by thyroid gland, regulates metabolism and growth

Front 14

cephalocaual rule

Back 14

head to toe development of motor skills and nervous system

Front 15

proximodistal rule

Back 15

middle to periphery development of motor skills, nervous system development

Front 16

schema

Back 16

theories about way the world works, based on experience

Front 17

assimilation

Back 17

environment is interpreted in terms of existing cognitive structures

Front 18

Piaget's stages of development...what are they?

Back 18

sensorimotor stage
preoperation stage
concrete operations stage
formal operational stage

Front 19

Piaget - sensorimotor stage

Back 19

birth - 2 yrs. Distinction between stable and transient objects, sense of "me" and "you"...acquire info by sensing it and moving around in world

Front 20

Piaget - preoperation stage

Back 20

age 2 - 7 yrs. Representative thought, thoughts are centered and irreversible. Speech is egocentric, then more social.

Front 21

Piaget - concrete operational stage

Back 21

7 - 12 yrs. Capacity to solve conservation tasks concretely, thinking is reversible and decentered.

Front 22

Piaget - formal operational stage

Back 22

adolescence +, capacity for logical and abstract thought

Front 23

metacognition

Back 23

knowledge about when/where to use particular strategies for learning/problem solving

Front 24

conservationism

Back 24

realizing that quanity/amount does not change when nothing has been added/taken away from object, despite changes in form or spacial arrangement

Front 25

animism

Back 25

things having soul..."Clouds go so slowly because they have no legs"

Front 26

imaginary audience

Back 26

belief that you are "on stage" and all eyes are watching you

Front 27

personal fable

Back 27

unique you don't understand, personally invulnerable (to speeding cars...car crashes...or stds, unprotected sex)

Front 28

cupboard love

Back 28

affection given purely to gain a reward

Front 29

secure attachment

Back 29

infants urge to be close to mother balanced by urge to explore surroundings

Front 30

avoidant attachment

Back 30

infant tends to avoid or ignore mother when she approaches or returns after separation

Front 31

ambivalent attachment

Back 31

infant is upset when mother leaves but acts angry, reject's mothers efforts at contact after brief separation

Front 32

disorganized attachment

Back 32

infant's behavior is inconsistent, disturbed, disturbing

Front 33

disrupted attachment

Back 33

problems more likely if divorce (higher school dropout rate, poorer outcomes if child is very young at time of divorce or if intense conflict between parents)

Front 34

absence of attachment

Back 34

extremely disordered, seen in experimentally induced isolated animals, also in rare instances in orphanages....permanent social and emotional scars

Front 35

Strange situation

Back 35

test developed to determine attachment style (parent leaves room, sees what happens)

Front 36

Harlow

Back 36

social isolation with monkeys....

Front 37

Diana Baumrind

Back 37

parenting styles with two main dimensions (degree of control and degree of nurturance)

Front 38

authoritative parenting

Back 38

high control, high nurture --> friendly, cooperative, socially responsible children

Front 39

authoritarian parenting

Back 39

high control, low nurture --> unfriendly, detached children

Front 40

permissive/indulgent parenting

Back 40

high nurture, low control

Front 41

uninvolved/indifferent parenting

Back 41

low control, low nurture

Front 42

popular children

Back 42

authoritative parents, securely attached

Front 43

neglected

Back 43

neither popular nor unpopular, slow to warm up to others, higher risk for depression

Front 44

rejected

Back 44

unpopular, worst outcome

Front 45

Kohlberg

Back 45

stages of moral development

Front 46

Moral Development - preconventional stage

Back 46

no internalization, obedience, punishment (morality of action determined by consequences for the actor)

Front 47

MD - conventional stage

Back 47

mutual interpersonal expectations, trust, loyalty, care (morality of action determined by extent to which it conforms to social rules)

Front 48

MD - postconventional stage

Back 48

social contract, individual rights, rights and values above law (morality of action determined by set of general principles that reflect core values)

Front 49

theory of mind

Back 49

understanding actions/thoughts of other people, ability to predict someone else's actions (not everyone wants what you do or acts as you would)

Front 50

Vytgotsky

Back 50

zone of proximal development