Psych Final Ch. 7 - Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes

Front 1

information processing theory

Back 1

theoretical perspective that focuses on the specific ways in which people mentally think about ("process") the info they receive

Front 2

sensory register

Back 2

component of memory that holds incoming info in an unanalyzed form for a very brief time (2-3 secs or less)

Front 3

working memory

Back 3

component of memory that enables people to actively think about and process a small amount of info

Front 4

long-term memory

Back 4

component of memory that holds knowledge and skills for a relatively long period of time

Front 5

central executive

Back 5

component of the human info processing system that oversees the flow of info throughout the system

Front 6

automatization

Back 6

process of becoming able to respond quickly and efficiently while mentally processing or physically performing certain tasks

Front 7

infantile amnesia

Back 7

general inability to recall events that have occurred in the early years of life

Front 8

knowledge base

Back 8

one's knowledge about specific topics and the world in general

Front 9

schema

Back 9

tightly integrated set of ideas about a specific objet or situation

Front 10

script

Back 10

schema that involves a predictable sequence of events related to a common activity

Front 11

symbol

Back 11

mental entity that represent an external object or event, often without reflecting its perceptual and behavioral qualities

Front 12

metacognition

Back 12

knowledge and beliefs about one's own cognitive processes, as well as efforts to regulate those cognitive processes to maximize learning and memory

Front 13

cognitive strategy

Back 13

specific mental process that people use to acquire or manipulate info

Front 14

rehearsal

Back 14

attempt to learn and remember info by repeating it over and over

Front 15

organization

Back 15

process of identifying interrelationships among pieces of info as a way of learning them more effectively

Front 16

elaboration

Back 16

process of using prior knowledge to embellish on new info and thereby learn it more effectively

Front 17

metacognitive awareness

Back 17

extent to which one is able to reflect on the nature of one's own thinking processes

Front 18

self-regulated learning

Back 18

directing and controlling one's own cognitive processes in order to learn successfully

Front 19

comprehension monitoring

Back 19

process of checking oneself to make sure one understands what one is studying

Front 20

epistemological beliefs

Back 20

beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge and knowledge acquisition

Front 21

intersubjectivity

Back 21

awareness of shared understandings and perceptions that provide the foundation for social interaction

Front 22

joint attention

Back 22

phenomenon in which 2 people (child and caregiver) simultaneously focus on the same object or event, monitor each other's attention and coordinate their responses

Front 23

social referencing

Back 23

looking at someone else (caregiver) for clues about how to respond to a particular object or event

Front 24

co-regulated learning

Back 24

process through which an adult and child share responsibility for directing various aspects of the child's learning

Front 25

theory theory

Back 25

theoretical perspective proposing that children construct increasingly integrated and complex understandings of physical and mental phenomena

Front 26

nativism

Back 26

theoretical perspective proposing that some knowledge is biologically built-in and present at birth or soon thereafter

Front 27

conceptual change

Back 27

revision of one's knowledge and understanding of a topic in response to new info about the topic

Front 28

learning disability

Back 28

significant deficit in 1+ cognitive processes, to the point where special educational services are required

Front 29

attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Back 29

disability characterized by inattention, by hyperactivity and impulsive behavior, or by all 3 characteristics

Front 30

autism

Back 30

disability characterized by infrequent social interaction, little awareness of one's own and others' thoughts, communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, narrowly focused interests, and a strong need for a predictable environment