Psych Final - Ch. 1 Making A Difference In The Lives Of Children And Adolescence

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child development

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study of the persistent, cumulative and progressive changes in the physical, cognitive and social-emotional development of children and adolescents

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physical development

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physical and brain growth and age-related changes in motor skills

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cognitive development

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systematic changes in reasoning, concepts, memory and language

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social-emotional development

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systematic changes in emotions, self-concept, motivation, social relationships and moral reasoning and behavior

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context

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the broad social environments, including family, schools and community services, neighborhoods, culture, ethnicity and society at large, that influence children's development

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nature

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inherited characteristics and tendencies that affect development

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temperament

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a child's characteristic ways of responding to emotional events, novel stimuli and personal impulses

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maturation

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genetically guided changes that occur over the course of development

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nurture

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environmental conditions that affect development

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sensitive period

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a period in development when certain environmental experiences have a more pronounced influence that is true at other times

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universality

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in a particular aspect of human development, the commonalities seen in the way virtually all individuals progress

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diversity

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in a particular aspect of human development, the varied ways different individuals progress

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qualitative change

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relatively dramatic developmental change that reflects considerable reorganization or modification of functioning

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quantitative change

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developmental change that involves a series of minor, trendlike modifications

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stage

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a period of development characterized by a qualitatively distinct way of behaving or thinking

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stage theory

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theory that describes development as involving a series of qualitatively distinct changes

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theory

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organized system of principles and explanations regarding a particular phenomenon

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biological theory

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theoretical perspective that emphasizes genetic factors and physiological structures and functions of the body and brain

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behaviorism and social learning theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on environmental stimuli and learning processes that lead to behavioral change

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psychodynamic theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on how early experiences and internal conflicts affect social and personality development

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cognitive-development theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on major transformations to the underlying structures of thinking

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cognitive-process theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on the precise nature of human mental operations

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sociocultural theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on children's learning of tools and communication systems through practice in meaningful tasks with other people

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developmental systems theory

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theoretical perspective that focuses on the multiple factors, including systems inside and outside children, that combine to influence children's development

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developmentally appropriate practice

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instruction and other services adapted to the age, characteristics and developmental progress of individual children