Psych Final

Front 1

Growth in weight and height is linear.

Back 1

False. As height and weight do generally increase together, it is usually exponential and is not constant. Extreme weight loss and gain may occur at any point in height.

Front 2

Bonfenbrenner's ecological systems approach

Back 2

Development is multicontextual by stressing how a person, with his or her biological and psychological characteristics, is embedded in a series of environmental systems

Front 3

Research designs

Back 3

Cross sequential- separates the effects of age, cohort, and time measurement
Correlational
Sectional
Longitudinal

Front 4

Humanism

Back 4

Theory that stresses the potential of all humans for good and the belief that all people have the same basic needs

Front 5

Five Stages of Psychosexual Development According to Freud

Back 5

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Front 6

Holophrase

Back 6

A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought. "Juice!"

Front 7

Erikson's psychosocial stages

Back 7

Trust v Mistrust
Autonomy v Shame
Initiative v Guilt
Industry v Inferiority
Identity v Role Confusion
Intimacy v Isolation
Generativity v Stagnation
Integrity v Despair

Front 8

Piaget's four major periods of cognitive development

Back 8

Sensorimotor- 0-2 years- Using senses and motor actions to explore the world

Preoperational- 2-7- Conservation developed, use of grammar and syntax. Imagination strong.

Concrete Operational- 7-11- Concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space, quantity.
Formal Operational- 11+ - Theoretical, hypothetical and counterfactual thought.

Front 9

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Back 9

A person's standing in society based on indicators such as occupational prestige, education, and income.

Front 10

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 10

Molecular basis of life

Front 11

Genes are only used or "turned-on" prior to birth.

Back 11

False. Genes are active throughout life.

Front 12

Zygote

Back 12

Combination of sperm and egg, fertilized egg cell

Front 13

Monozygotic Twins

Back 13

Originate from one zygote, share 100% of their genetic material.

Front 14

What determines the sex of a developing fetus?

Back 14

Whether the sperm entering the egg first carries an X or a Y chromosome.

Front 15

SRY gene

Back 15

(Sex-determining Region Y gene)- Gene of male sex determination

Front 16

Genotype

Back 16

Particular genetic makeup of an individual

Front 17

Phenotype

Back 17

How genes are physically expressed.

Front 18

An experiment which assessed infants' perception of depth

Back 18

Visual cliff

Front 19

Why are males more likely to suffer from genetic disorders that are X-linked? (Like color blindness).

Back 19

Males only have one X chromosome (XY).

Front 20

Placenta

Back 20

Organ formed early in the embryonic period that provides oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and eliminates metabolic waste.

Front 21

The concept that genes and the environment interact to produce a particular pattern of development is emphasized by epigenetic theory.

Back 21

True.

Front 22

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory*

Back 22

Children learn best when they are in the zone of proximal development

Front 23

Teratogen

Back 23

Any agent that can disturb the development of a fetus.
Cocaine, Rubella, Mercury

Front 24

Which of Erikson's stages corresponds to the stage that Freud identified as the Oral Stage?

Back 24

Trust V Mistrust

Front 25

It is impossible to receive more than two of each chromosome.

Back 25

False. XXX Females and XXY males.

Front 26

A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.

Back 26

Secure Attachment. Most babies in the US exhibit this type of attachment

Front 27

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Back 27

An infant avoids connection with the caregiver. Doesn't care about caregiver's presence, departure, or return.

Front 28

Insecure Ambivalent Attachment

Back 28

Infant's anxiety and uncertainty are evident as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver.

Front 29

Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Back 29

Infant's inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return

Front 30

Age of Viability

Back 30

The age at which a fetus is able to live outside of the womb. (Now 22 weeks).

Front 31

Factors used in determining a child's Apgar score after birth

Back 31

Heart Rate, Respiration, Color

Front 32

Infants are born completely helpless, with no survival behaviors.

Back 32

False. Screaming.

Front 33

Prevention method for Sudden Infant Death Sydrome (SIDS).

Back 33

Lay the infant on his or her back to sleep.

Front 34

Affordance

Back 34

Relationship between an environment and organism that affords the organism to perform an action.
Button to push, switch to flip, field to run

Front 35

There is no known critical period for organ development.

Back 35

False. Fetal stages is a critical period for organ development.

Front 36

Three stages of labor

Back 36

Contractions open cervix,
Birth,
Delivery of the placenta

Front 37

Humans have 23 chromosomes in each and every cell of their body.

Back 37

False. Sex cells.

Front 38

Object permanence

Back 38

Knowing that an object is still in existence if it is out of sight.

Front 39

Underlying factors of all motor skills

Back 39

Practice,
Muscle strength,
Brain maturation

Front 40

Children grow more at night. Newborns lose weight before gaining it. Development is ___________

Back 40

Multidirectional.

Front 41

Although not fully developed, all senses function at birth.

Back 41

True.

Front 42

Infant's ability to remedy deficits in their environment in order to promote their own brain's development.

Back 42

Self-righting.

Front 43

One reason that early researchers underestimated infant memory because they failed to differentiate between implicit and explicit memory.

Back 43

True.

Front 44

Habituation Study

Back 44

Repeating one stimulus until babies lose interest and then presenting another slightly different stimulus (sound sight or other sensation). They can tell the difference between the two.

Front 45

Brain cells that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way that they would as when actually performing the action.

Back 45

Mirror neurons.

Front 46

The sequence of early language development is universal.

Back 46

True.

Front 47

Chomsky's theory about how young children learn language including that they are genetically pre-programmed and have a

Back 47

LAD- Language Acquisition Device.

Front 48

The part of the brain that is important in planning and decision making, but is also one of the last areas of the human brain to mature.

Back 48

Prefrontal Cortex

Front 49

Benefits of breast feeding

Back 49

Breast milk provides antibodies and decreases allergies/asthma

Babies exclusively breastfed in the early months are less likely to become obese.

Fats and sugars in breast milk make it more digestible and better for the brain than milk substitutes.

Front 50

Because of children's propensity to overeat and under exercise...

Back 50

This generation could be the first in 100 years to have a shorter lifespan.

Front 51

"Just-right" stage.

Back 51

Insisting on having everything just the way that the child wants it. Usually grow out of it by six. Exhibits behavior such as not wanting to eat if their food has touched.

Front 52

Preservation

Back 52

The tendency to persevere in or stick to one thought or action for a long time
"are we there yet"

Front 53

Fine motor skills v Gross motor skills

Back 53

Writing your name (small scale movements), kicking a ball (large scale movements)

Front 54

Injury prevention

Back 54

Primary- Overall situation is structured to make harm less likely (sidewalks, speed bumps)
Secondary- Averting harm in high-risk situations (crossing guards, warning signs before blind curves)

Tertiary- Limiting the damage caused by the injury (such as seeking medical help)

Front 55

Focus on appearance

Back 55

Obstacle to logic- if a girl's hair is cut short, she turns into a boy because boys usually have short hair.

Front 56

Concept of Conservation

Back 56

Arranging objects or moving them to appear as if there is more of it leads a child to believe that there is a higher quantity. (Glass with liquid video).

Front 57

Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)

Back 57

Children can master some tasks with the help of others.

Front 58

Helping a child to do something to help them learn.

Back 58

Scaffolding.

Front 59

Overregularization

Back 59

Applying the wrong grammatical syntax to words. "I catched two mouses in a trap!"

Front 60

If home educational quality is poor, then

Back 60

a quality pre-school is especially beneficial.

Front 61

Ability to use symbolic thought is a

Back 61

milestone of preoperational thought

Front 62

A theory of mind is one's own personal understanding of the complex interaction among emotions, perceptions, thoughts, and intentions in oneself and others.

Back 62

True

Front 63

An important psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of two and six is

Back 63

regulation of emotions

Front 64

For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children's thinking sills.

Back 64

False. They underestimated them.

Front 65

Parallel Play

Back 65

Sitting apart, playing with objects, together.

Front 66

Cooperative Play

Back 66

Playing together, inclusively, with the same thing.

Front 67

Onlooker play

Back 67

Watching someone else play.

Front 68

Solitary play

Back 68

Playing by oneself.

Front 69

Children who lack self control are most likely to have parents who ....

Back 69

Practice the permissive parenting style.

Front 70

Authoritarian

Back 70

My rules, my way, all the time.

Front 71

Authoritative

Back 71

Strict, but reasonable.

Front 72

Freudian theory of when a little boy develops sexual feelings for his mother and becomes jealous of his father

Back 72

Oedipus complex

Front 73

Behavorists stress _____________ to understand a child's development of gender attitudes and roles.

Back 73

Reinforcement and punishment.

Front 74

Neglectful/uninvolved parenting is a style that Baumrind did not identify.

Back 74

True. As it is not considered parenting.

Front 75

When children begin to lie, it is a sign of

Back 75

Advanced theory of mind.

Front 76

Entity theory of intelligence v incremental theory of intelligence

Back 76

Entity theory- Intelligence is a fixed quantity at birth. Effort does not enhance achievement

Incremental theory- Effort enhances achievement

Front 77

The process by which a sequence of thoughts and action makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought.

Back 77

Automatization

Front 78

Obstacles to logical thought in early childhood cognition

Back 78

Static reasoning, focus on appearance, irreversibility

Front 79

Comorbidity

Back 79

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.

Front 80

Impaired social responses is a sign of

Back 80

autism spectrum disorder

Front 81

Most children with autism spectrum disorder show some initial signs of the disorder in

Back 81

infancy

Front 82

Equifinality

Back 82

Many causes result in one disease. (Autism, obesity)

Front 83

The idea that children need to come into contact with minor infections and diseases when they're young in order to prevent asthma and allergies

Back 83

Hygiene hypothesis

Front 84

_______ have the tendency to ruminate on subjects, therefore have a higher chance of suffering from clinical depression.

Back 84

Girls.

Front 85

The HPA axis triggers the release of _________

Back 85

Cortisol, the stress hormone.

Front 86

Myelination

Back 86

The process of which myelin (waxy coating) forms on the ends of neurons. Speeds thought, reaction times, and increases motor skills.

Front 87

Limbic system brain parts

Back 87

Amygdala, Hypothalamus, Hippocampus

Front 88

Symbolic thought

Back 88

Such as using a shoe for a telephone. Major accomplishment of Piaget's preoperational thought.

Front 89

Fast-mapping

Back 89

The ability to quickly categorize to learn faster. Knowing that curse words are "for when you drop something"

Front 90

Types of aggression

Back 90

Instrumental- Hurtful, aimed at gaining something
Reactive- Impulsive retaliation
Relational- Nonphysical, insults or social rejection
Bullying- Unprovoked

Front 91

Intrinsic v Extrinsic motivation

Back 91

Intrinsic- Motivation from within, personal self-reward and gain.
Extrinsic- External motivation, praise, monetary reward.

Front 92

Classification

Back 92

Children in Piaget's concrete operational level can categorized based on classifications.

Front 93

Freud psychosexual stage in which a child's sexual drives are pushed to the background and remain quiet.

Back 93

Latency

Front 94

High self-esteem has been found to be universally valued across cultures as a vital part of social development

Back 94

False.

Front 95

Child culture

Back 95

Customs, rules, and rituals that are passed down to younger children from slightly older ones. "No one likes a tattle tale."

Front 96

Intuitive Thought

Back 96

Thought that adolescents display when they use gut reactions, typically fueled by emotions, to make a decision.

Front 97

Adolescent -limited offenders are likely to persist in criminal activity throughout life and become what is referred to as a "career-criminal."

Back 97

False. Adolescent-LIMITED.

Front 98

Diathesis-Stress model

Back 98

Manifestation of stress (Such as anxiety, PTSD) will vary among person to person based on prior experiences.

Front 99

OCEAN

Back 99

Big Five Personality Traits
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion

Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Front 100

Researchers have found little to no evidence to support the idea of a midlife crisis.

Back 100

True.

Front 101

Ecological niche

Back 101

Selection of neighborhoods, mates, hobbies and careers based in part on personality traits.

Front 102

Kohlberg's level of moral reasoning

Back 102

The pregnant woman stuck in the cave example.

Front 103

Gottman's Predictors of Divorce

Back 103

Criticism
Contempt
Stonewalling
Defensiveness

Front 104

Those suffering from Alzheimer's disease have more _________ and __________ than the brain of a healthy individiual.

Back 104

Plaques and Tangles.

Front 105

Allostatic Load

Back 105

Accumulation of stress. When we encounter many stressors, even if they are individually small, they can add up to increase our risk of health problems.

Front 106

Hayflick Limit

Back 106

Maximum number of times that a cell is able to divide.

Front 107

The shortening of _________________ eventually leads to the cessation of cell replication and leads to cell death.

Back 107

Telomeres. End caps to chromosomes that shorten with each cell division.

Front 108

Free Radicals

Back 108

Toxic and chemically unstable byproducts of metabolism. These damage cells and compromise their functioning. Combat with anti-oxidants in your diet.

Front 109

Typical adults report feeling 5-10 years _________ than their true age.

Back 109

Younger.

Front 110

Derogatory way of speaking to older people in high-pitched, slow pace.

Back 110

Elderspeak

Front 111

Compression of morbidity

Back 111

Working to prolong healthiness, supressing illnesses.

Front 112

Why might drugs work differently in older patients than younger ones?

Back 112

Older patients may have slower metabolisms.

Front 113

Sandwich generation

Back 113

Generation of adults who are taking care of both their children and aging parents.

Front 114

Primary aging v Secondary aging

Back 114

Primary aging: Aging that happens to everyone, is not preventable. Graying hair, loosening skin, wrinkles.
Secondary aging: Aging that is preventable. Aging due to diet, drug use.

Front 115

First visible sign of aging.

Back 115

Skin.

Front 116

Hearing loss at 60+

Back 116

Presbycusis. Can occur earlier due to hearing damage.

Front 117

Hormone replacement therapy risks

Back 117

Heart disease and cancer

Front 118

Flynn effect

Back 118

Over the generations, due to accessibility to knowledge, better education, better health, IQs increase.

Front 119

Practical intelligence

Back 119

Sternberg. Intelligence used in every day problem solving.

Front 120

Flexible thinking

Back 120

Enjoying experimenting and the challenge of when things do not go according to plan.

Front 121

Vocational identity

Back 121

Self-identity defined by career and skill set. (Difficult for most US emerging adults to achieve).

Front 122

At what stage in the life are the most number of friendships prevalent?

Back 122

Emerging adulthood.

Front 123

Consequential stranger

Back 123

An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on your life.

Front 124

Physical separation in parents and children

Back 124

Strengthens the relationships between parents and children.

Front 125

In instance of the aging process, caloric restriction and vitamin intake may _________

Back 125

Slow the aging process

Front 126

Vitality

Back 126

How good, young, and healthy a person feels. Increased by exercising regularly, eating healthy, and having good friends.

Front 127

Massification

Back 127

The idea that college can benefit everyone, and isn't solely available to the elite of society anymore.

Front 128

Fluid intelligence

Back 128

decreases with aging. (such as fast-mapping) Crystallized tends to increase.

Front 129

NK cells

Back 129

Natural killer cells. Stress lowers immune function, therefore decreases the amount of NK cells in the body.

Front 130

Cohabitation

Back 130

Unmarried and living with a partner.

Front 131

Social convoy

Back 131

A social network and support system that accompanies us through life and changes as we age.

Front 132

How to slow down normal aging.

Back 132

Exercise, moderate diet, avoidance of drugs.

Front 133

What sections of the brain atrophy first?

Back 133

Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex.

Front 134

Average human lifespan v maximum human life span

Back 134

Average- average age mid-80s-90s.

Maximum- longest living person. 122.

Front 135

Ageism

Back 135

Prejudices based on chronological age.

Front 136

Demographic shift

Back 136

No longer a pyramid. Looks more like a rectangle, in that adults, older adults, and elderly and living longer and less children are being born.

Front 137

Selective optimization with compensation

Back 137

Compensating for deficiencies by doing something differently. (i.e. driving slower and avoiding night driving due to decreased vision).

Front 138

Neurogenesis

Back 138

New neurons provide cognitive adaptability to succeed in context of challenging and changing environments. Neurons form and dendrites grow in the olfactory region and in the hippocampus.

Front 139

What parts of the brain are most likely to decrease in volume?

Back 139

Hypothalamus (Memory) and Prefrontal Cortex (Planning, response inhibition, coordination)

Front 140

How does brain usage in older adults compare to that of younger adults?

Back 140

Older adults use more of their brains to solve problems. Caused by compensation/optimization, reduced brain reserves, wandering minds.

Front 141

Stereotype threat in re: memory

Back 141

Impedes memory processes, suspecting that memory loss can affect future memory.

Front 142

Source amnesia

Back 142

may contribute to less analysis of information when elders cannot remember origin of a fact.

Front 143

Prospective memory

Back 143

involves remembering to perform a future task, fades with age, lessened ability to shift mentally among tasks.

Front 144

Prospective memory-paradox

Back 144

Age differences in prospective memory are readily apparent in laboratory tests but disappear in some naturalistic settings.

Front 145

Alzheimer's Disease

Back 145

Most common of neurocognitive diseases. Gradual deterioration of memory and personality, marked by formation of plaques and tangles in the brain.

Front 146

Vascular dementia

Back 146

Dementia characterized by sporadic and progressive loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated or temporary obstructions of blood vessels. VAS is more common than Alzheimer's disease after 90.

Front 147

Characteristics of frontal lobe disorders

Back 147

Personality changes caused by deterioration of the front lobes and amygdala. Emotional and personality changes. Usually begins later in life.

Front 148

Parkinsons in re: Dopamine

Back 148

Parkinsons does not always lead to neurocognitive disease. Starts with rigidity or tremors of the muscles. Younger adult w/ Parkinsons may avoid cognitive problems for years. Neurons that produce dopamine degenerate.

Front 149

Most important nongenetic factor in preventing impairment

Back 149

Engaging in regular physical exercise prevents, postpones, and slows cognitive losses.

Front 150

Polypharmacy

Back 150

When elderly are prescribed several drugs and the side effects can cause neurocognitive disorder symptoms. Some drug combinations can produce confusion and psychotic behavior.

Front 151

Life Review

Back 151

An examination of one's own part in life, taking the form of stories written or spoken by elderly people who want to share them. Results are almost always positive.

Front 152

Self-Theories

Back 152

Theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self, or the search to maintain one's integrity and identity.

Front 153

Integrity v Despair

Back 153

Final stage of Erikson's developmental sequence. Older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community

Front 154

SST (Socioemotional Selectivity Theory)

Back 154

Older people prioritize their emotional regulation, seeking familiar social contacts who reinforce their generativity, pride, and joy.

Front 155

Positivity Effect

Back 155

Tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences over the negative ones. Positive thoughts lead to happiness, which lends the impression that someone has led a happier life.

Front 156

Stratification theories

Back 156

Theories that emphasize social forces, particularly those related to a person's social category (stratum), limit individual choices, and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood. (Social circles, race, gender, etc)

Front 157

Disengagement Theory

Back 157

Most controversial version of age stratification. The view that aging makes a person's social sphere increasingly narrow, resulting in role reliquishment, withdrawal, and passivity

Front 158

Activity theory

Back 158

The view that elderly people want and need to remain active in a variety of social spheres, with relatives, friends, and community groups and become withdrawn unwillingly as a result of ageism. Suffer from withdrawal.

Front 159

Race crossover

Back 159

Phenomenon in which elderly minority outlive non-minorities.

Front 160

Retirement in re: work and health

Back 160

Some people prefer to work after 65 because of the self-fulfillment it give them. Health does not generally decline as a result of retirement.

Front 161

Volunteerism in re: work and health

Back 161

Volunteering is linked to generativity, social connections, less depression, and improvement of overall health.

Front 162

Aging in place

Back 162

Remaining in the same home and community later in life.

Front 163

NORC (Naturally Occurring Retirement Community)

Back 163

A neighborhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved to the location as younger adults but never left.

Front 164

Long term care

Back 164

Nursing care

Front 165

Alternative care

Back 165

Assisted living in that people combine privacy and independence with medical supervision, group homes, townhouse developments.

Front 166

Village care

Back 166

Elderly people who live near each other and pool their resources, staying in homes but also getting special assistance when they need it.

Front 167

Beanpole family

Back 167

Multiple generations but only a few members in each one.

Front 168

Marriage and well being

Back 168

Spouses buffer each other against problems of old age, thus extending life. Married adults are happier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people their age.

Front 169

Four potential roles of grandparents

Back 169

Remote
Companionate
Involved
Surrogate

Front 170

Remote Grandparents

Back 170

Emotionally distant grandparents

Front 171

Companionate Grandparents

Back 171

"Fun loving" entertain and spoil grandchildren

Front 172

Involved grandparents

Back 172

Active in day-to-day lives of their grandchildren.

Front 173

Surrogate (grand)parents

Back 173

Raising their grandchildren usually because the parents are unwilling or unable to do so. Most detrimental role of grandparent that affects well-being and health.

Front 174

Frail elderly

Back 174

People over 65 but more often over 85 who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled. Fraility is common in the months preceding death. Typical caregiver for the frail elderly in the US are the person's children.

Front 175

ADLs (Activities of Daily Life)

Back 175

Actions that are important to independent living, typically identified as the five tasks of self-care.
Eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, transferring from a bed to a chair.

Front 176

IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily life)

Back 176

Actions, such as paying bills or driving a car, that are important to independent living and require some intellectual competence and forethought. May be more critical to self-sufficiency than ADLs

Front 177

Elder Abuse

Back 177

More likely to occur when the care receiver is a feeble person who suffers severe memory loss. Care giver may be drug-addicted relative, care occurs in an isolated place, visitors are few and far between.

Front 178

How has health changed in the past 100 years?

Back 178

Death occurs later, dying takes longer, death often occurs in hospitals, causes of of death are no longer mostly from infectious disease and childbirth.

Front 179

Terror Management Theory

Back 179

Idea that people adopt cultural values and moral principles in order to cope with their fear of death.

Front 180

What makes a good death?

Back 180

Peaceful, quick, painless, occurs after a long life, passing in the company of family and friends in familiar surroundings.

Front 181

Kubler Ross Stages of Dying

Back 181

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Front 182

Criticisms of Kubler Ross Stages of Dying

Back 182

Non-sequential, desperation not included as a stage.

Front 183

Hospice/Palliative care

Back 183

Institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive care (palliative) that eases the way out, specialized care to make the person as comfortable as possible during the remainder of their life.

Front 184

How do doctors identify when death has occurred?

Back 184

No longer breathe spontaneously, eyes no longer respond to pain, scalpel toe test, brain death

Front 185

Passive Euthanasia

Back 185

A situation in which a person is seriously ill is allowed to die naturally through the cessation of medical intervention.

Front 186

Active Euthanasia

Back 186

A situation in which someone takes action to bring about another person's death with the intention of ending that person's suffering (Doctor Assisted Suicide)

Front 187

DNR

Back 187

Do Not Resuscitate order

Front 188

Living Will

Back 188

A document that indicates what kinds of medical intervention an individual wants or does not want if he/she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.

Front 189

Health care proxy

Back 189

A person chosen by another person to make medical decisions if the second person becomes unable to do so.

Front 190

Types of grief

Back 190

Bereavement (sense of loss)
Mourning (religious or cultural ceremonies to express bereavement)
Complicated grief

Front 191

Complicated Grief- Absent Grief

Back 191

A situation in which overly private people cut themselves off from the community and customs that allow and expect grief, can lead to social isolation.

Front 192

Complicated Grief-Disenfranchised Grief

Back 192

A situation in which certain people, although they are bereaved, are prevented from mourning publicly by cultural customs or social restriction.

Front 193

Complicated Grief-Incomplete Grief

Back 193

A situation in which circumstances interfere with the process of grieving.