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92 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Steroid hormones that increase muscle mass
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anabolic steroids
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steroids with testosterone-like properties, masculinizing
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androgenic steroids
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this act classified 27 anabolic steroids as schedule III and said that they are illicit when obtained without a physicians prescription.
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Anabolic Control Act 1991
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Gonadoptrpoin-releasing hormone
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hypothalamus
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stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle stimulating hormoe (FSH)
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pituitary
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FSH and LH promote the development of the ovarian follicle that contians an egg and controls the timing of ovulation
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ovary
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FSH and LH are involved inthe production of testosterone and sperm
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testes
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similar in structure to testosterone and is responsible for many female sex characteristics
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estradiol
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cognition affected by estrogen that controls attention and memory
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acetylcholine
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cognition affect by estrogen that controls fine motor movements
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dopamine
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cognitino affected by estrogen that controls mood and depression
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serotonin
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cognition affected by estrogen that contorls attention and cognitino
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noradrenaline
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signs of dependence to steroids
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withdrawal, taking more of drug than intented, spend lots of time getting/using, use despite problems
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hypersecretion of growth hormones in children
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gigantism
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hyposecretion of growth hormones in children
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dwarfism
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hypersecretion of growth hormones in adults, usually caused by pituitary tumors
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acromegaly
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disease which casuses dementia with psychiatric/behavioral disturbances, no cure
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Creutzfield-Jacob Disesase
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performance enhancing changes
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ergogenic
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a group of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands. their anti-inflammatory action makes them useful for treating arthritis and muscular injures
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adrenocortical steroids
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male breasts enlarging
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gynecomastia
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frequent, sustained and painful penis erections caused by steroids
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priapism
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withdrawal symptoms from steroids
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muscles shrink, depression, problems sleeping, lack of appetite, moodiness.
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the variantion of the cycling patterns in steroids. starting with low doses, increase doses over several weeks before competitions, then tapering off right before to avoid drug testing
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pyramiding
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perception of one's own body as small and weak and one's musclature as inadequately developed despite evidence to the contrary. megorexia.
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muscle dysmorphia
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a condtion resulting in structural abnormalities of the head, hands, and feet, as well as damage to the internal organs
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acromegaly
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a dietary supplement acting as a metabolic precursor to testosterone and used as an ergogenic agent
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androstenedione
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how does fermentation occur
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it occurs naturally when airborne yeast contacts sugary products and the yeast eats the suger and produces alcohol and CO2
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prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation/importation but not purchase of alcohol
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18th amendment
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made 18th amendment enforceable
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volstead act 1920
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Volstead Act repealed
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by FDR in 1933
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Absorbtion of ETOH depends on
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size, gender, individual physiology and stomach content
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dilated left ventricle and decreased ejection fraction, leads to congestive heart failure
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cardiomyopathy
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actions of alcohol in the CNS
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it potentiates GABA functions and can result in reduced GABA signaling (neuroadaptations)
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process of converting natural sugars into ethyl alcohol by the action of yeasts
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fermentation
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the process of producing beer from barley grain
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brewing
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barley after it has been soaked in water, sprouts have grown, sprouts removed, and the mixture has been dried and crushed into a powder
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barley malt
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fermented barley malt, following liquification and combination with yeasts
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mash
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a process by which fermented liquid is boiled and then cooled, so that the condensed product contains a higher alcoholic concentration than before
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distillation
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the first distilled liquor in recorded history-brandy
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aqua vitae
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body recognizes alcohol has no purpose so this chemical process in alcohol metabolism occurs
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oxidation
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enzyme in the stomach and liver that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde
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alcohol dehydrogenase
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an enzyme in the liver that converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid in alcohol metabolism
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acetakdehyde dehydrogenase
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a by product of alcohol metabolism, produced through the action of acetaldehyde dehydorgenase
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acetic acid
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the number of grams of alcohol in the blood relative to 100 milliliters of blood expressed as a percentage.
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blood alcohol concentration
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LD50 level of BAC
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.50%
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alcohol inhibits this hormone that acts to rabsorb water in the kidneys prior to excretion from the body
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antidiuretic hormone
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condition resulting from excessive reabsorbtion of water in the kidneys. causes swelling of fingers hands and feet.
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antidiuresis
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nonethyl alcohols, oils and organic substances found in trace amounts of some distilled spirits
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congeners
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experimental design that can separate psychological effects(due to subjective expectations) and physiological effects (due to pharmacology of the drug)
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balanced pliacebo design
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condition in which the consumption of alcohol has produced major psychological, physical, social or occupational problems
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alcoholism
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a pattern of alcohol consumptoin aimed at reducing stress and anxiety
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symptomatic drinking
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four problems with over consumption of alcohol
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1) problems associated with preoccupation with drinking, 2) emotional problems, 3) vocational, social and family problems 4) probelms associated with physical health
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people who try and cover up an alcoholic's problems thus keeping the alcoholic from realizing they need help. individuals whose behavior consciously or unconsciously encourages another person's continuation in a pattern of alcohol or other drug abuse
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enablers (enable alcoholic to function)
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Major development of the temperance movement, hated the saloon, wanted to enact ban of alcohol
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Womens Christian Temperance Union
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who repealed the volstead act
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FDR in 1933
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most common gneral reaction to stopping alcohol consumption in an alcoholic
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alcohol withdrawal snydrome
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symypoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
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discomfort, seizures, sleep disturbances
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extreme disorientation and confusion fever, hallucinations, and other symptoms
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delirium tremens (DT's)
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abnormal concentration of fatty deposits inside liver cells
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fatty liver
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disease involving inflammation of the liver as a result of chronic alcohol abuse
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alcoholic hepatitis
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progressive development of scar tissue that chokes off blood vessels in the liver and destroys liver cells by interfering with the cells utilization of oxygen.
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alcoholic cirrhosis
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Describe Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome
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condition resulting from chronic alcohol consumption characterized by disorientation cognitive deficits amnesia and motor difficulty. deficiency in thiamine(vitamin b)
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Korsakoff psychosis
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can't remember info that has just been presented to hem and have patchy memory for distant events that occured prior to alcoholic state
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the tendency to make up elaborate past histories to cover the fact that long term memory has been impaired
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confabulation
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chemical compound the fetus's lack, that breaks down alcohol and gets it out of the body
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acetaldehyde
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a serious condition involving mental retardation and facial cranial malformations in the offspring of an alcoholic mother
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FAS
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capable of prodcuing specific birth defects
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teratogenic
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Fetal Alcohol Effect
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pretnatal or postnatal growth retardation in which the child's weight or length is below the 10th percentile, evidence of CNS abnormalities or mental retardation, a characteristic skull and facial appearance that includes a smaller than normal head, small wide set eyes drooping eyelids, a flattening of the vertical groover between the mouth and nose, thin upper lip and a short upturned nose.
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a way of understanding a phenominon in terms of comples interacting relationships among individuals, family, friends, and community
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systems approach
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a concept that individuals who live with a person having an alcohol or other drug dependence suffer themselves from difficulties of self image and social independence
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codependency
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european cultivation of tabacco begins
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1531
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smoking banned in public places
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Pope Urban VII 1642
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first american tobaco factories
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1730 virginia
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cigarrette machines made
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1881
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mechanism for action of nicotine
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nicotinc acetylcholine receptors. channels open. nicotinc is in brain PNS and muscles
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what two neurotransmitters are used by the PNS
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NE, ACh
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where is ACh in the CNS
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learning, memory, attention/vigilane, susceptible to degeneration in AD
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per capita cigarrette consumption reduced from 12 p/day to 6 p/ day in what year and due to what?
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1964 due to the first US Surgeon General report on smoking and health.
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components of smoke that consist of particles
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particulate phase
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sticky material found in the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and other pollutants in the airs
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tar
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portion of tobacco smoke that consists of gasses
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gaseous phase
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extremely toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
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carbon monoxide
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hair like cells that sweep bad particles away from lungs
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cilia
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toxic, dependence-producing psychoactive drug found in tobacco products
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nicotine
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changes naturally acidic nicotine into an alkaline free-base form thats more easily passed thru bosy tissues into bloodstream
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ammonia
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the idea that smokers will adjust their smoking of cigarrettes so as to maintain a steady input of nicotine to the body
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titration hypothesis
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disease that damages the heart as a result of a restriction of blood flow thru coronary arteries
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coronary heart disease
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a disease in which blood flow is restricted because the wlals of arteries harden and lose their elasticity
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arteriosclerosis
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a disease in which blood flow is restricted becasue of the buildup of fatty deposists inside arteris
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atherosclerosis
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group of diseases characterized by breathing due to an abnormality in the air passages
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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respiratory disease involving inflammation of bronchial tissue following a buildup of excess mucus in air passages
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chronic bronchitis
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an enlargement of air sacs in the lungs and abnormalities in the air sac walls, causing great difficulty in breathing
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emphysema
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