Psych Final

Front 1

Skinner on language

Back 1

Learned through reinforcement

Front 2

Noam Chomsky on Language

Back 2

In our genes,

Front 3

Lexicon

Back 3

A person's knowledge of language

Front 4

Pyscholinguists

Back 4

Psych processes through which we get and process language

Front 5

Phoneme (2)

Back 5

Smallest Unit of sound there is, changes meaning of word if changed

Front 6

Morpheme

Back 6

smallest unit of language that has meaning or function

Front 7

Phonemic restoration Effect

Back 7

We fill in missing phonemes from context

Front 8

Speech Segmentation

Back 8

Pauses between our words

Front 9

Word Superiority Effect

Back 9

Letters are easier to recognize when they are in a word

Front 10

Word Frequency Effect

Back 10

We respond faster to more common words

Front 11

Lexical Ambiguity

Back 11

Words with more than 1 meaning need context

Front 12

Lexical Priming

Back 12

mental representation activated, will respond quicker if still present when it comes back again

Front 13

Semantics

Back 13

Meanings of words and sentences

Front 14

Syntax

Back 14

Rules for combining words in sentences

Front 15

Parsing

Back 15

mentally breaking sentences into word groups

Front 16

Syntax 1st Parsing Approach

Back 16

Grammar structure of sentences determines parsing

Front 17

Interactionist Approach

Back 17

Semantics and syntax influence processing

Front 18

Situation Model

Back 18

Mental image

Front 19

Pragmatics

Back 19

Language in a social context

Front 20

Given-new contract

Back 20

Sentences so that
Given Info
New Info
New becomes given

Front 21

Syntactic Coordination

Back 21

Using similar grammtical constructions

Front 22

Syntactic Priming

Back 22

One person uses sentence structure, gets repeated back to them

Front 23

Problem Solving about: (2)

Back 23

How problem is represented in the mind
Solving re-organizes problem

Front 24

Insight

Back 24

Sudden realization of a problems solution

Front 25

Functional Fixedness

Back 25

Only focused on what an object is usually used for

Front 26

PROBLEM SPACE (3)

Back 26

Initial state, Intermediate State, Goal state

Front 27

Means-end analysis

Back 27

reduce space between initial and goal states by using sub-goals

Front 28

Generate and Test Technique (2)

Back 28

Genterate and test solutions
Losses effectiveness if there are many solutions

Front 29

Imposition of extra constraints

Back 29

Constraints in the problem limit our ability to solve it

Front 30

Surface features

Back 30

Aid analogical problem solving

Front 31

Structural Features

Back 31

making them more obvious helps in analogical problem solving

Front 32

Analogical Encoding

Back 32

making people compare two similar problems to illustrate something

Front 33

Divergent Thinking

Back 33

Open ended, large # of solutions

Front 34

Design Fixation

Back 34

Fixated on what not to do, which inhibits problem solving

Front 35

Deductive reasoning (2)

Back 35

Involves syllogisms, DEFINITE

Front 36

Inductive reasoning

Back 36

PROBABLE CONCLUSION

Front 37

Syllogisms

Back 37

Has two premises and a conclusion

Front 38

Categorical Syllogisms (2)

Back 38

relation between categories with all, no or some

Front 39

Conditional Syllogisms

Back 39

If..... then statements

Front 40

Heuristics

Back 40

A rule of thumb that gives us a best guess to a problems solution

Front 41

Illusory Correlations

Back 41

Thinking there is a correlation when there is none

Front 42

Availability Heuristic

Back 42

People judge the frequency of something based on how easy it is to think of examples

Front 43

Ellsberg Paradox

Back 43

2 jars of marbles problem, people avoid the unknown like hell

Front 44

Utility

Back 44

Outcomes that acheive a persons goals

Front 45

Expected Utility Theory

Back 45

People are mostly rational, so if they have all relevant information, they will try to get maximum utility

Front 46

Sunk Cost

Back 46

Any investment that is spent and can't be recovered.

Front 47

Risk Aversion Strategy (2)

Back 47

Don't put all eggs in one basket, when a choice is framed in terms of gains, people choose this

Front 48

Risk-taking strategy (2)

Back 48

Might put all eggs in a basket, when framed in terms of losses, people go with this

Front 49

Kermer Experiment

Back 49

People over estimate their reactions to losing stuff being more traumatic than gaining things

Front 50

Integral Immediate Emotions

Back 50

Emotions associated with the act of making desicions

Front 51

Incidental Immeadiate Emotions

Back 51

Emotions unrelated to the decision

Front 52

Neuroeconomics

Back 52

How people make decisions

Front 53

Prefrontal Cortex (Right anterior insula)

Back 53

Planning, Problem solving, understanding and reasoning

Front 54

Representative Heuristic

Back 54

People make decisions based on how much events resemble one another

Front 55

4 types of conditional sylogisms

Back 55

First two are valid, Affirming the antecedent, denying the consequent

second two are not valid, affirming consequent, denying antecedent

Front 56

antecedent

Back 56

if

Front 57

Consequent

Back 57

then

Front 58

Atmosphere effect

Back 58

all, no and some affect the mood of the conclusion

Front 59

Belief Bias

Back 59

More likely to beleive a syllogism is valid if it agrees with their beleifs or if it is true

Front 60

Falsification Principle

Back 60

In order to test a rule you have to try to falsify it

Front 61

Pragmatic reasoning schema

Back 61

Applying cause and effect to real world experiences

Front 62

Permission schema

Back 62

If 1st condition satisfied, 2nd is allowed