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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the psychoanalytic/ethological approach to attachment?
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infants and parents are biologically predisposed to form attachments
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How do infants acquire emotion regulation?
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the dev. of emotion regulation skills is influenced by both the infant's temperament and his or her caregiver's behavior
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List and describe the 4 phases of attachment in an infant to the caregiver.
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1)undiscriminating social responsiveness-infants responsive to faces/voices, no preference for one person over another
2)discriminating social responsiveness-infants begin to show pref. for certain persons 3)Active proximity seeking-form first clear attachments 4)goal-corrected partnership-adjusting behavior to achieve goal of attachment figure |
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How has attachment been measured in infants?
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strange situation
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List and describe the 4 attachment types.
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1)secure attachment-infant upset by separation from mother but warmly comforted by presence upon return
2)resistant attachment-infant doesn't venture out hates when mom leaves but is ambivalent when she returns 3)avoidant attachment-don't explore and show little interest in mother when separated and avoid her when she returns 4)disorganized-disoriented attachment--associated with later emotional issues |
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What are tips for reducing stranger anxiety?
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-keep familiar companions available
-arrange for the infant's companions to respond positively to the stranger -make setting more "familiar" -be a sensitive, unobtrusive stranger -try not to look any stranger than need be |
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How can mother's emotional state and prematurity in a child contribute to attachment dev?
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If both a depressed mother and baby with colic are paired together than both will not form good attachment. has mostly to do with caregiver than infant when concerning dev. of attachment
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What are the effects of early social deprivation on an infant's attachment/development?
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infants who are permanently separated from a caregiver normally recover if they are able to maintain or form an attachment w/someone else
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How might early caregiver attachments affect relations with peers and later attachment development?
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securely attached children are more cognitively competent and more socially and emotionally competent
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What are Parten's six play classifications?
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1)unoccupied play
2)solitary play 3)onlooker play 4)parallel play 5)associative play 6)cooperative play |
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What dev. purposes might play serve?
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play fosters cognitive, motor, and social skills and helps children cope with emotional problems
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How is popularity measured?
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-physical attractiveness
-intelligence -social skills -emotional regulation |
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What are the 5 categories of peer acceptance?
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1)popular
2)rejected 3)neglected 4)controversial 5)average |
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Family Systems Theory
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the conceptualization of the family as a whole consisting of inter-related, each of which affects and is affected by every other part, and each of which contributes to the functioning of the whole
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Nuclear Family
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a family unit composed of parents and children living with other kin such as grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, or a combination of these
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Family Life Cycle
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the sequence of changes in family composition, roles, and relationships that occurs from the time people marry until they die
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Reconstituted Families
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a new family that forms after the remarriage of a single parent, sometimes involving the blending of two families into a new one
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Beanpole Families
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a multigenerational family structure characterized by many small generations
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Indirect Effects
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the instance in which the relationship between two individuals in a family is modified by the behavior or attitudes of a third family member
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Sibling Rivalry
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a spirit of competition, jealousy, or resentment that may rise between two or more brothers or sisters
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Autonomy
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the capacity to make decisions independently, serve as one's own source of emotional strength, and otherwise manage life tasks without being overdependent on other people
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Empty Nest
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the term used to describe the family after the last child departs the household
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Middle Generation Squeeze
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the phenomenon in which middle-aged adults sometimes experience heavy responsibilities for both the younger and the older generations in the family
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Cohabitation
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when two single adults live together as an unmarried couple
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Spillover Effects
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events at work affect homelife, and events at home carry over into the work place
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Bronfenbrenner's Systems Approach to family:
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-family is a system embedded in larger social systems such as neighborhood or broader culture
-system with subsystems embedded in other systems |
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What are some changes in the family structure in recent decades?
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-single adults
-postponed marriage -fewer children -women working -more divorce |
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How do mothers and fathers interact with infants and young children?
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-mothers interact on average more with the children than fathers
-fathers spend their time with the kids in a playful interaction |
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Describe how siblings affect each other as well as parent child relationships:
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-sibling rivalry occurs which is normal
-siblings play mostly positive roles in one another's development |
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How do relationships with parents change during adolescence?
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-most parent-child relationships are close
-time spent together decreases -increase in parent-child conflict is also common at onset of puberty |
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What are the 3 grandparenting styles?
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1)remote: seen only occasionally and geographically distant, emotionally distant as well
2)Companionate:see their grandchildren frequently and enjoy activities with them (most common) 3)involved: grandparents take on parentlike role and play a larger role in the kids lives |
