Psych Final 2

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

* Social influence goads people into doing things they would not usually do.

Front 2

Learned attitudes

Back 2

* Conditioning or learning by observation

Front 3

Cognitive Appraisal

Back 3

* Form opinion after appraisal and evaluation of situation
* often times not correct

Front 4

Prejudice

Back 4

~an attitude

~at a cognitive level - expectation that members of target group will behave poorly

Front 5

Discrimination

Back 5

hostile behavior that results is directed against groups toward whom one is prejudiced

Front 6

stereotyping

Back 6

* may be positive or negative
* assumption that all group members share the same traits or characteristics

Front 7

Sources of Prejudice

Back 7

* Dissimilarity
* Social conflict
* Social learning
* Information processing
* Social Categorization
* **We tend to divide our world into those like & unlike us… (in-group & Out-group bias.)

Front 8

A-B Problem

Back 8

how well we can predict behavior on the basis of attitudes

Front 9

elaboration likelihood model

Back 9

the view that persuasive messages are evaluated on the basis of central and peripheral cues.

Persuasion using negative or positive to get what you want?

Front 10

Fear Appeal

Back 10

persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing fear instead of rational analysis of the issues

Front 11

Selective Avoidance

Back 11

Diverting ones attention from information that is inconsistent with ones attitudes

Front 12

Selective Exposure

Back 12

Deliberately seeking and attending to information that is consistent with ones attitudes

Front 13

Attraction

Back 13

in social psychology an attitude of liking or disliking (negative attraction)

Front 14

Sternbergs Triangular Model of Love

Back 14

love involves combinations of three components: Intimacy, passion, and commitment.

* Romantic love combines intimacy and passion
* Consummate love combines all three

Front 15

Intimacy

Back 15

close acquaintance and familiarity; a characteristic of a relationship in which partners share their inner most feelings

Front 16

Passion

Back 16

strong romantic and sexual feelings

Front 17

Commitment

Back 17

the decision to maintain a relationship

Front 18

Factors Contributing to Attraction...

Back 18

* Physical appearance - standards of beauty are cross-cultural
* Males - physical appearance
* (evolutionary psychology perspective)

Front 19

Attraction Similarity Hypothesis

Back 19

Our partners tend to be similar to us in physical attraction and other traits

Ugly to Ugly and Attractive to Attractive

Similarity in Attitudes as well

Front 20

Consummate Love

Back 20

ideal form of love within stern bergs model (combines passion, intimacy, and commitment)

Front 21

Romantic Love

Back 21

an intense, positive emotion that involves sexual attraction, feelings of caring, and the belief that one is in love

Front 22

Social Perception

Back 22

the ways in which we form and modify impressions of others

Front 23

Primacy Effect

Back 23

tendency to evaluate others in terms of first impressions

* you hear you have a terrible teacher and don’t give them a chance

Front 24

Recency Effect

Back 24

tendency to evaluate others in terms of the most recent impression

had an impression of someone and remember it. like the last impression they gave you

Front 25

Attribution

Back 25

belief concerning why people behave in a certain way

Front 26

Dispositional Attribution

Back 26

assumption that a persons behavior is determined by internal causes such as personal traits

* Internal factors (She is mean…)
* She is a mean person that is the way she is she is just mean. (you don’t think about why she might be being mean)

Front 27

Situational Attribution

Back 27

assumption that a persons behavior is determined by external circumstances such as the social pressure found in a situation

* External factors (She is being mean because he hit her)

Front 28

Fundamental attribution error (FAE)

Back 28

* Attribute too much of others behavior
* Is most visible when people explain the behavior of others
* In other words… we blame personally for the situation!
* Teen gets in trouble.. blame the teen not the teens environment

Front 29

Social Influence

Back 29

Examines the ways people influence thoughts, feelings, and behavior of others

Front 30

Actor-Observer Effect

Back 30

attribute our own behavior to situational factors but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional factors

Front 31

Self-Serving Bias

Back 31

view our successes as stemming from internal factors and our failures as stemming from external factors

Front 32

Social Influence

Back 32

studies the ways in which people influence the thoughts, feelings and behavior of others.

Front 33

Milgram Studies

Back 33

* Majority complied to demands of authority even when that required they ‘inflict’ a harmful shock on innocent people

Front 34

Factors Contributing to Obedience to Authority

Back 34

* Socialization
* Lack of social comparison
* Perception of legitimacy of authority figures
* Foot in the door technique
* Inaccessibility of values
* Buffers between perpetrator and victim
* ****Removal of responsibility

Front 35

Foot - in - the - Door Technique

Back 35

method for inducing compliance in which a small request is followed by a larger request

Front 36

Asch Study

Back 36

Most people conform even when they know the right answer

Front 37

Conform

Back 37

change our behavior to adhere to social norms

Front 38

* Factors contributing to conformity

Back 38

* Collectivist culture
* Desire to be liked by group members
* Low self esteem
* Social shyness
* Lack of familiarity with task

Front 39

Altruism Effect

Back 39

~selfless concern for the welfare of others

~connected with some heroic behavior

Front 40

Bystander Effect

Back 40

~they saw that other people were present and avoided helping even though they were capable of helping

Front 41

Psychological Disorders characterized by….

Back 41

* Rare or unusual behavior
* Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality
* Inappropriate emotional response
* Self-defeating behaviors
* Dangerous behaviors
* Socially unacceptable behaviors

Front 42

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

Back 42

* Describes criteria for diagnosis, key clinical features & related features often, but not always present.
* Lists criteria for diagnoses from mild intellectual disability to personality disorders ~ 400 in all.
* Categorical (disorder) and Dimensional (severity)

Front 43

Positive Sypmtoms (Disorders)

Back 43

~Excessive Symptoms

~~Hallucinations, delusions, looseness of association

Front 44

Negative Symptoms (disorders)

Back 44

Deficiencies

~Lack of emotional expression and motivation, social withdrawal, poverty of speech

Front 45

Schizophrenia

Back 45

3 Types

~Paranoid - delusions

~Disorganized - incoherence; extreme social impairment

~Catatonic - Motor impairment

Front 46

Major Depression

Back 46

Persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and inability to concentrate

Front 47

Bipolar Disorder

Back 47

mood alternates between two extremes (elation and depression); also referred to as manic and depression

Front 48

Specific Phobias

Back 48

irrational fears to specific objects or situations

Front 49

Agoraphobia

Back 49

Fear of open crowded places

Front 50

Panic Disorder

Back 50

~abrupt attack of anxiety

~Physical symptoms (shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, pounding of the heart, may "feel" like a heart attack)

Front 51

GAD

Back 51

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

~Cannot be attributed to an object, situation, or activity

~Symptoms (motor tension, Autonomic over-arousal, Excessive Vigilance)

Front 52

OCD

Back 52

irresistible urges to engage in thoughts in behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety

~irrational and beyond control

Front 53

PTSD

Back 53

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

~Caused by traumatic event

~symptoms must last longer than a month

~May occur months or years after event

Front 54

Acute Stress Disorder

Back 54

caused by traumatic event but only lasts 2 days to 4 weeks

Front 55

Somatoform Disorders

Back 55

Physical problems with no evidence of physical abnormality

Front 56

Hypochonriasis

Back 56

instance of serious illness, though no medical evidence of illness can be found

Front 57

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Back 57

Preoccupation with a fantasized or exaggerated physical defect in their appearance

Front 58

DID

Back 58

a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge

Front 59

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Back 59

~persistently violate law

~show no guilt or remorse and are largely undeterred by punishment