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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is a mental representation?

Bits of memory that represent something that is not present at the time

Difference between a formal and natural concept?

Formal concept- learned, taught in a formal setting


Natural concept- develops naturally as we live our life

We organize knowledge in categories, whats the difference between super ordinate and subordinate?

Super ordinate- general (animal)


Subordinate- specific (Italian greyhound

In problem solving what is an algorithm?

Method of solving a problem that is always leads to a correct solution

What is a heuristic?

A method of solving a problem that may or may not work usually a shortcut

What is functional fixedness?

Seeing an object in a limited way, limits creativity

In the context of language development, what is the Whorifan Hypothesis?

Thinking and language are connected and if it isnt in your language then you can't think about it

Children and language, what is overextention and underextention?

Overextention- using one word for many things


Underextention- using a general word for only one thing instead of many things like it is intended

Difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Crystallized- stored knowledge, usually come with age


Fluid- speed at which we learn new things and solve problems

What is commonly Accepted view of nature vs. nurture?

The interaction of nature and nurture together determines what we become

What is a teratogen?

Threats to an embryo, ex. Alcohol

What is a reflex?

Reaction that is an autonomous response to an environmental stimulus

Explain Piagets concepts of assimilation and accommodation?

Assimilation- use existing schema to understand something new


Accommodation- change or create schema in order to understand something new

👐FOUR stages of Piagets model of cognitive development🙌

1.Sensorimotor


2.Preoperational


3.Concrete Operational


4.Former Operational


Vygotsky, instruction from a parent can aide a child's cognitive development, particularly if the instruction is within a child?

Zone of Proximal development

3 levels of Kohlburgs model of reasoning?

Preconventional- consequences of behaviour


Conventional- abiding by society


Post conventional- development of own values, explore options if morality

Dory cries when visitors come to ger parents house, whats she showing?

Stranger anxiety

Explain cognitive dissonance?

Uncomfortable state where behaviours and attitudes dont match

Difference between trait attribution and situational attribution?

Trait- assigning the cause of the behaviour to the traits and characteristics of the person being judged


Situational-assigning the cause to the situation that is occuring

Fundamental attribution error?

Tendency to over use a trait information when making attribution about others

Self-serving bias?

Tendency to make trait attributions for our success and situational attribution for our errors

Difference between stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination?

stereotypes- schema for a particular people's


Prejudice- negative stereotype that is unfairly applied


Discrimination- physical expression of a prejudice

In group bias?

Tendency to favour your group more than out groups

Out group homogeneity bias?

Tendency to see all out groups as the same