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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the medical model of mental disorders say? What are the causes, from this perspective?
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must be diagnosed based on biological symptoms and cured through therapy; brain abnormalities and/or chemical/hormonal imbalances
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What is the other perspective on mental disorders, aside from the medical model? What does it say?
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The Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective; all behaviors arise from interactions with the environment
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What give psychological professionals a good basis for common diagnosis?
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The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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What percent of adults report having experienced a psychological disorder of some type during their life? What percent of people do not get treated?
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48%; 80%
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In general, women have what characteristics compared to that of men regarding psychological disorders?
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more anxiety disorders and depression; men have higher rates of substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder
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What is aroused by general anxiety? What are the symptoms?
General anxiety is aka what? |
SNS; racing heart and sleeplessness, tenseness, jitteryness, irritability, headaches and stomachaches; free-floating anxiety
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What is anxiety disorder with frequent, unexpected panic attacks?
What are the characteristics of this? |
Panic Disorder: helpless terror, high physiological arousal, shortness of breath, choking, dizziness; 1-minute episodes
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What is the fear of panic attacks?
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Agoraphobia
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What are the 4 categories of phobias?
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Situations, natural environment, injury or blood, and spiders/snakes, etc.
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Social phobia is much more common in ____.
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women
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What are the theories for development of phobias?
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classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational experience, and evolutionary selection
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What are 4 common causes of PTSD?
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shell shock, natural disasters, sexual/physical assault, terrorist attacks
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What are core symptoms of PTSD?
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Frequent recall of event
Avoidance of things that trigger the memory Numbing of emotions Increased physical arousal associated with anxiety |
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What are 3 things that can contribute to developing PCSD, or make someone more susceptible to getting it?
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family history, multiple exposures, and magnitude of the trauma
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Compulsions consist of what 2 behaviors?
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overt physical behaviors (hand washing, etc.) and covert mental behaviors (e.g. counting or reciting phrases)
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What are 4 mood disorders?
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Major depression, seasonal affective disorder, disthymic disorder, bipolar disorder
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Women are _x as likely as men to get major depression.
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2
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In what 4 realms does major depression have an effect?
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emotionally, behaviorally, cognitively, and physically
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What are 3 common/possible treatments for major depression?
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antidepressants such as Zoloft or Paxil, cognitive and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, and ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)
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SAD is most common among ________ and ________.
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women and people living at high latitudes
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a transgendered woman is anatomically _____
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female but identifies self as male
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What is the difference between transgender, intersexed and transsexual?
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transgender does not undergo surgery but just identifies self with different gender than body; intersexed is one whose biological gender is ambiguous; transsexual undergo surgery
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What is the difference between gender identity and sexual orientation?
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Gender ID is an individual's psychological sense of being male or female, whereas sexual orientation is the direction to which one directs his physical/emotional attraction to others.
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How do we define gender roles?
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behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that a given culture designates as masculine or feminine
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What are 2 theories that explain gender roles?
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Social Learning Theory (reinforcement, punishment, and modeling by parents), and Gender Schema Theory (grouping traits of boys/girls together; long hair, girl/boy toys, etc.)
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What is benevolent sexism?
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a type of prejudice that turns positive stereotypes of women into means of unfair/unequal treatment
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What is an example of benevolent sexism?
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Because women are the "fairer sex," they should not be exposed to things that go on in politics and thus should not be able to run for legal positions or sit in the courtroom, etc.
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What are the 4 stages of human sexual response?
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excitement phase, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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What is the period after an orgasm where a man cannot become erect again?
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refractory period
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What are 3 types of sexual dysfunction for men and women?
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hypoactive sexual desire, sexual aversion, dyspareunia
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What are 2 categories for men?
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ED, and male orgasmic disorder
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What are 2 categories for women?
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vaginismus, female orgasmic disorder
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What are 2 examples of paraphilia?
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exhibitionism and fetishism
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What is a dissociative experience?
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Awareness, memory, and personal identity become separated.
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What is dissociative amnesia? People with dissociative amnesia forget what, but still remember what?
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Partial or total inability to recall personal information, (episodic memories).
Forget personal memories, but remember general knowledge. |
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What is a dissociative fugue?
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After a tragedy or extreme stress, someone might think they are someone else for a period of time and move away and begin a new life, then come back to their old personality and not know what's going on.
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What is DID?
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dissociative identity disorder- extensive memory disruptions for personal information, along with the presence of 2 or more different personalities
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What are 2 explanations for DID?
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pathological defense mechanism
physical / sexual abuse |
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What are 3 positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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severely disorganized thought processes, speech and behavior
delusions hallucinations |
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What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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flat affect, alogia (very brief vocalization), avolition (inability to persist or initiate goal-directed behaviors)
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What are 3 types of delusions of schizophrenia?
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delusions of reference
delusions of grandeur delusions of persecution |
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What are 2 disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia?
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disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
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What are 4 types of schizophrenia?
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Paranoid, Catatonic, Disorganized, or Undifferentiated
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What are some explanations for schizophrenia?
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genetics, paternal age, maternal viral infection, brain chemistry, brain structure, and psychological factors
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What are the assumed causes of mood disorders?
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-genetic component (major depression and bipolar disorders tend to run in families)
-neurotransmitter imbalances in brain -stress (major depression, especially post-traumatic) |
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What is rapid cycling?
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4 or more manic depressive episodes in a year
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What is a common treatment for bipolar disorder? How does it work?
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lithium- increases serotonin and reduces norepinephrine
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