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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Piaget's Theory
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-Swiss psychologist, geneticist 1896-1980
-Research method=observe and question childern, physical phenomena |
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Cognitive Test
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-Goal-to understand mental development, concepts
-observation=age related |
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Schemas
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-"mental structures" that assimilate and organize processed information
-Guide future behavior -provides a framwork for making sense of new information examples; schema for a dog "doggy" "kitty" -steady, predictable modification |
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Assimilation (bring in)
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-individuals categorize new information according to existin knowledge or schemas
-connect to the past |
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Accommadation (adjust0
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-Adapt and change with new experiences
-Adjusting existing knowledge, new information fits easily example: sucking, sipping, drinking, straws, college form |
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Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
--Sensorimotor Stage (birth to about 24 months) |
-Learn through senses and actions
-schemas organized around principle of causality and consequences example: baby's cry, scratching, or rattle -Imitation: as early as 7 to 72 hours old -Object permanence:gradual but around 4 months, parents and baby games |
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Stage 2 of Cognitive Develpoment
--Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) |
-Imagination adn imitation (after time)
-Lack logical reasoning -centration -decentration -conversation -Egocentration |
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Centration
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the inability to take in more than one perceptual factor at the same time
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Decentration
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ability to understand 2 or more ideas, opinion
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conservation
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volume, lenght, others
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egocentration
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the inability to perceive the world from any perspective other than one's own
-not selfishness -doll/church/mountian |
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Stage 3 of Cognitive Development
--Concrete Operations (7-12 years) |
-Begin to use logical mental operations or rules
-master conservation, example: molding clay -Use of logical operations still limited to create situations -counting verification |
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Stage 4 of Cognitive Development
--Formal Operations (12 and up) |
-Abstract concepts
-Think ahead -complexe deductions and systematically test hypothesis -example; solving problems by observation rather than hands on |
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Evaluations of Piaget's Theory
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Criticisms
-understated role of environment and experiences -underestimated individual differences Positives -Stages overlap growth spurts in cerebral hemisphere -adds credibility, biological maturation and cognitive development are closely linked |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Persists
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-Rekinding awareness for the new decade
-Research strong in 1970-1980 -culture insures the problem persists -Fetal damage:body, mind, socail issues -nature insures the problem persists -topic bridges the gap between science, medical, clinical, socail, and practical |
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FAS Problem, Researchers
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-Fetal alcohol syndrom now is recognized as the leading known cause of mental retardation in the US, surpassing down syndrome and spina bifida
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Alcohol Affects Placenta
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-late-term fetus
-placents structure and function -umbilical cord -alcohol reduces oxygen to fetus -alcohol reduces AA's glucose and vitamins passing thru placenta |
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FAS Soical Challenges
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-Failuure to consider consequences
-Unresponsive to subtle social cues -Lack of friendship -Stubborness or sullenness -Low self-esteem -Socail withdrawl -teasing or bullying -Dishonesty -Escessive unhappiness |
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FAS School Challenges
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-Lack of initiative
-Poor concentration -Poor math skills -Dependency -Impulsivity -ADAH symptoms -Adverse relationships with teachers |
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FAS Adult Challenges
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-Delinquent behavior
-Sexual problems -Not able to find and hold job -drug use and abuse including alcohol -prision recidiuism, .2 prisoners FAS |
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Wisconsin Drinking Culture
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Wisconsin ranks #1 in nation for problems related to alcohol
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Intelligence
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-Itelligence is an inferred proccess that humans use to explain the differetn degrees of adaptive success in people's behaviors
-The extent of a person's education does not alwyas mean they have more intelligence |
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History of Intelligence Measure
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-Reifiction Goal (give us numbers)
-Phrenology |
