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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
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characteristic symptoms that result from an extreme traumatic stressor involving a personal threat to physical integrity or physical integrity of others
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What are some things that could cause PTSD?
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war vet, rape, mugged at gun/knife point
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what are some symptoms of PTSD?
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-re-experiencing of the event
-persistent physicological arousal -numbing of responsiveness -distress or impairment socially, occupationally, or other important area of life |
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what are people at risk for if they have PTSD?
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exhaustion or sleep deprivation
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what are some things that may cause someone to re-experience their PTSD event?
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-recurrent images or thoughts
-dreams -loud noises -intense physiological distress |
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what might a person with PTSD turn to on order to cope with their problem?
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drugs or alcohol
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what are some persistent arousal symptoms seen in PTSD patients?
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-difficulty falling or staying asleep
-irritability or angry outbursts -hard time concentrating -hypervigilence |
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because of the numbing of response for PTSD patients, what are they at risk for?
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depression and suicide
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what are some numbing responsiveness symptoms seen in PTSD patients?
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-avoidance of thoughts and feelings associated w/ the event
-avoidance of the place the trauma occurred -detached or estranged from people -restricted range of affect |
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what is important for a PTSD patient to have?
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a good support system
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what are the three classifications of PTSD?
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less than 3 months: acute
3 months or greater: chronic 6 months or greater: delayed |
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what else can PTSD be classified as?
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an anxiety disorder
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why are vietnam vets and rape victims worse off with PTSD?
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society hasn't shown very much support towards them, making it difficult for recovery
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what are the best predictors of PTSD?
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severity of the stressor and the amount of psychosocial isolation in recovery mode
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what kind of feelings are angry or aggressive clients having?
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angry
tense intimidated anxious defensive |
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why do patients tend to turn to anger?
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they are trying to cover up some other feelings
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as the nurse, what do you want to find out from the angry patient?
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where the anger is stemming from, but remaining safe
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what is a good way to get the patient to change their anger?
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have them try and change their perception
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what is one of the best things that will help figure out angry feelings?
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talk about the situation
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what is anger?
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the emotional response to the perception of frustration of desires and threats to one's needs
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what is aggression?
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harsh physical or verbal action that reflects rage, hostility, and potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
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if you can't get a patient to resolve their anger, what could this lead to?
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aggression
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what is the difference between men and women in reference to anger?
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men tend to result to being aggressive and physical when they are expressing their anger
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what is the difference with some of the different nationalities regarding anger?
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african americans tend to use violence more often
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what are some disorders that the angry patient associate with?
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ADHD, unipolar depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, bipolar d/o
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what kind of risk factors can anger lead to?
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ischemic heart disease, CVA
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what is one of the biggest reasons that people become angry?
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fear. anger is a natural response to this
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what are some of the theories regarding anger?
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behavioral-learned
cognitive-perceived threats biological-brain abnormalities, low serotonin, lymbic system genetics |
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in regards to history, what is the best indicator of violence occurring from anger?
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history of violence
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what type of angry pt is of the most concern?
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the one that doesn't exhibit any signs or symptoms. it usually comes out of nowhere
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who is more likely to carry out acts of violence in regards to anger?
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males between the age of 14-24
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if you notice a patient that is angry and seems like they are in the preassaultive stage, what is most important to try and do?
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deescalate the situation
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what kind of interventions can be used with the assaultive patient?
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medications, restraints, seclusion
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what are some theories thought to cause family violence?
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substance abuse
family violence mental illness poverty lack of knowledge no coping resources |
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during a crisis situation, what escalate or lead to further violence?
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increased stress
inability to cope effectively |
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what are the stages of the cycle of violence?
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1. tension building
2. acute battering 3. honeymoon |
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what type of domestic violence is often reported?
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men against women
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what are some types of abuse?
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sexual
emotional physical neglect economical |
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what is required if child or frail elderly are thought to be abused?
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required to report it according to the law
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why are disabled children more prone to abuse?
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unable to defend themselves
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what are the three interventions in regards to abuse?
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primary: health education
secondary: watch for symptoms tertiary: later down the line |
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what are the different types of therapy?
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individual-empowerment
family-issues, coping andcommunication skills group-therapist groups and support groups |
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what is one of the only acts where the victim is part of the crime?
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rape
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what is a big reason that a patient may be experiencing fear?
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they are unsure of whether they are going to die or not
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what has to happen for something to be considered rape? what is it considered without this?
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penetration; sexual assault
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what are the two types of rape?
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spousal
acquaintance/date |
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what are rape victims prone to?
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acute stress disorder
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what is the acute phase regarding rape?
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up to a few weeks
initially-shock, may be calm confused, hysterical difficulty concentrating denial to protect self |
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what is long term reorganization regarding rape?
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2+ weeks
intrusive thoughts fears and phobias |
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what are some causes for acute anxiety?
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live performance, surgery, death
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what is the number one stressor on people in society?
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public speaking
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aside from depression, what would be considered one of the top problems for people in the world?
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anxiety
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what are the four levels of anxiety?
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-mild- alert
-moderate- perceptual field narrows, phys symptoms -severe- very narrowed perceptual field, dazed and confused, increased symptoms -panic- dread, loss of control, hallucinations, exhaustion |
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what is true panic disorder?
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no precipitating factors, dread, sudden feeling like something bad is going to happen
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when is anxiety abnormal?
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when it effects normal daily life such as not keeping a job, being able to take care of family
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what is the biological theory in relation to anxiety?
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patients recieve benzos that eventually take up the GABA receptor sites
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why are benzos not given as often with anxiety disorders?
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highly addictive
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what is another option of therapy for patients with anxiety instead of benzos?
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teaching therapeutic techniques not involving drugs
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what is the number power struggle between the nurse and the pt?
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medications
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with regards to genetic theories and anxiety, what is the common factor?
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twins are the best to study
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according to Freud, what is anxiety considered?
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the struggle between id and superego
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what is the most often used defense mechanism?
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denial
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according to sullivan if the first caregiver is not there, this can cause:
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anxiety, life is unpredictable
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what is the cognitive theory regarding anxiety?
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think something, feel something, then that dictates your behavior
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what are the different types of anxiety disorders?
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panic disorder
phobias obsessive-compulsive generalized acute and post traumatic stress |
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what is the most common type of anxiety?
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generalized anxiety
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obsessive-compulsive disorder can be good sometimes, but it isn't good when it:
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effects daily life
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what are some signs and symptoms of anxiety coming on?
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-impending doom
-difficulty concentrating -increased vitals -palpitations -urinary frequency |
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what is the scale used to assess for anxiety?
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hamilton anxiety rating scale
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what is one of the best interventions the nurse can do for the pt with anxiety?
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recognize the signs and prevent as much as possible
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what are some key indicators of anxiety?
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anger
tired loneliness |
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what is the typical amount of time to change a habit?
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27 days
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what is a way to implement milieu therapy for anxiety?
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have the patient find a place that they like to go that makes them fool good and calms them down. (bed, couch, woods, lake)
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what is the drug of choice that works for depression and anxiety?
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Paxil
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aside from Paxil, what is a drug of choice for anxiety?
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depakote; it is used as an antianxiety and anticonvulsant
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somatoform disorders have an:
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anxiety base
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what is a factitious disorder?
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lying about a problem that you have
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what is the biological theory regarding somatoform disorder?
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misinterpreting cues of anxiety
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what is a conversion disorder?
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psychological to physical disorder
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body dysmorphic disorder is:
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you feel something is not right with your body and no matter what you try and do to fix it, you will still feel the same way
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hypochondriasis is:
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"i have a headache, I must have a tumor".
-always having the feeling like something is wrong medically |
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what are dissociative disorders?
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disruption in the integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment related to stress or anxiety
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what did dissociative disorders used to be referred to as?
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multiple personality disorder
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what is the most common symptom in dissociative disorders?
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amnesia
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how common are dissociative disorders?
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very rare
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what is dissociative amnesia? dissociative fugue? dissociative identity disorder?
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can't remember anything; travels away and can't remember who they are; 2+ persons
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what are the most difficult psych disorders to treat and why?
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personality disorders; no specific medications to treat
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what is dystonic?
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I am not wrong, the rest of the world is
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what is syntonic?
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taking responsibility for your actions
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what is a trait?
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something that is learned and stays with us
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at what age does our personality get set?
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typicall 5-7
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what are some important things about disordered personality?
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traits are inflexible
traits are persistent traits are maladaptive significant functional impairment significant subjective stress |
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personality disorders are not considered:
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a break in reality
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what is the cause for personality disorders?
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there isn't one specific cause and most likely to be thought from the environment
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what are some personality disorder clusters?
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1. odd or eccentric
a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal 2. dramatic, emotional, erratic a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic 3. anxious or fearful a. dependent b. obsessive-compulsive c. avoidant |
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what are some of the primary features of paranoid PD?
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-pattern of pervasive distrust of others
-suspicious and distrustful -prone to file lawsuits |
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what type of medication is commonly seen with paranoid PD?
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atypical antipsychotics
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what are the primary features of schizoid PD?
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-detachment from social relationships
-trouble expressing emotions -cold and detached |
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what is the "lone wolf" theory regarding schizoid PD?
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don't want friends, don't want to be bothered, don't want to be close to people
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what are the primary features of schizotypal PD?
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-odd beliefs that set them apart
-don't like personal relationships but want to socialize |
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what can schizotypal PD lead to?
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schizophrenia
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what are the primary features of antisocial personality disorder?
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-cold and intimidating
-inconsistent work or academic performance -cruel and malicious -no remorse for hurting others |
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what are some common behaviors seen in borderline personality disorders?
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-depression
-inability to be alone -clinging -splitting -manipulation -fear of abandonment |
