Psych Exam 2

Front 1

What is the basic building cell of the nervous system, a nerve cell

Back 1

Neuron

Hint 1

N

Front 2

What are the different parts of the neuron?

Back 2

Dendrite, Axon, Myelin Sheath

Hint 2

DAM

Front 3

Bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Back 3

Dendrite

Hint 3

D

Front 4

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles/glands

Back 4

Axon

Hint 4

A

Front 5

A layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons which enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses

Back 5

Myelin Sheath

Hint 5

M

Front 6

A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Back 6

Action Potential

Hint 6

A

Front 7

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Back 7

Threshold

Hint 7

T

Front 8

Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Back 8

Synapse

Hint 8

S

Front 9

Chemical messangers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons

Back 9

Neurotransmitters

Hint 9

N

Front 10

The reabsorption of a neurotransmitter, by a neuron following impulse transmission across a synapse

Back 10

Reuptake

Hint 10

R

Front 11

Neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory

Back 11

Acetylcholine

Front 12

Which neurotransmitter is linked to Alzheimer's disease?

Back 12

Acetylcholine

Front 13

Neurotransmitter which influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Back 13

Dopamine

Front 14

Excess Dopamine = ______
Too little Dopamine = _____

Back 14

Schizophrenia
Parkinson's

Front 15

Neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

Back 15

Serotonin

Front 16

Neurotransmitter which helps control alertness and arousal

Back 16

Norepinephrine

Front 17

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Back 17

GABA

Front 18

A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved with memory

Back 18

Glutamate

Front 19

_____ mimics neurotransmitter

Back 19

Agonist

Front 20

_____ blocks neurotransmitter

Back 20

Antagonist

Front 21

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

Back 21

Endorphins

Front 22

What are the functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 22

The Autonomic (which controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) and the Skeletal (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles)

Front 23

What are the brain structures that make up the brain stem and what do they do?

Back 23

*Medulla (controls heartbeat and breathing)
*Reticular Formation (controls arousal)
*Thalamus (directs messages)

Hint 23

MRFT (3)

Front 24

Little brain attached to the rear of the brainstem that helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

Back 24

Cerebellum

Front 25

What brain structures make up the limbic system?

Back 25

*Hippocampus (memories and emotions)
*Amygdala (emotion)
*Hypothalamus (directs several maintenance activities)

Hint 25

HAH

Front 26

What are the 4 lobes of the cortex?

Back 26

*Frontal
*Parietal
*Occipital
*Temporal

Hint 26

F Pot!

Front 27

Area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Back 27

Motor Cortex

Front 28

Left hemisphere section that controls the bodys right side

Back 28

Motor cortex (output)

Front 29

Left hemisphere section receives input from the bodys right side

Back 29

Sensory Cortex (input)

Front 30

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy

Back 30

Sensation

Front 31

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaninful objects and events

Back 31

Perception

Front 32

Study of relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them

Back 32

Psychophysics

Front 33

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Back 33

Absolute Threshold

Hint 33

minimum stimulation

Front 34

Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

Back 34

Difference Threshold

Hint 34

minimum difference

Front 35

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Back 35

Sensory Adaption

Front 36

Short wavelength = ____frequency
____ colors
____ sounds

Back 36

High frequency
Bluish colors
High pitched sounds

Front 37

Long wavelength =
____ frequency
____ colors
____ sounds

Back 37

Low frequency
Reddish colors
Low pitched sounds

Front 38

Great amplitude =
___ colors
___ sounds

Small amplitude =
____ colors
____ sounds

Back 38

Great amplitude =
bright colors
loud sounds

Small amplitude =
dull colors
soft sounds

Front 39

What are the difference between rods and cones?

Back 39

Rods - detect black and white
Cones - detect fine detail and color vision

Front 40

Simultaneous processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously

Back 40

Parallel Processing

Front 41

Young and Helmholtz Theory

Back 41

There were three different retinal color receptors
Red, Green, Blue

Front 42

Opposing retinal processes enable color vision

Back 42

Opponent-Process Theory

Front 43

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color

Back 43

Color Constancy

Front 44

Describe the sense of touch

Back 44

Pressure, Warmth, Cold, Pain

Front 45

Explain Pain

Back 45

Theory that the spinal cord contains neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass to the brain
Gate opens by the activity of brain signals traveling up small nerve fibers
Gate closes by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain