Psych Exam 1 Questions Part 2

Front 1

significance

Back 1

index of believability or meaningfulness

Front 2

reliability

Back 2

consistency of measurement; does the test always measure the same thing in the same way?

Front 3

internal consistency

Back 3

consistency within a set of items intended to measure the same construct

Front 4

inter-rater reliability

Back 4

consistency in judgements across multiple raters

Front 5

test-retest reliability

Back 5

consistency or stability across time

Front 6

validity

Back 6

accuracy of measurement; does it measure what it's supposed to measure?

Front 7

construct validity

Back 7

indicates a match between operational and conceptual definitions

Front 8

criterion (predictive) validity

Back 8

examines how well a measure correlates with a standard of comparison (criterion); does an aggressive scale correlate with observer ratings of shoving on a playground?

Front 9

criterion keying

Back 9

locate two groups of people, one high and the other low on the key construct. ask everyone to respond to a large number of potential test items. keep only the questions that seem to discriminate between the two groups

Front 10

convergent validity

Back 10

indicates appropriate correlation with assessment devices presumed to measure the same construct (or shows a relative correlation with similar constructs)

Front 11

discriminant validity

Back 11

indicates that scale does NOT correlate with other assessment devices presumed to measure conceptually dissimilar constructs

Front 12

face validity

Back 12

indicates that scale appears to measure what it's supposed to (ie depression scale high in face validity would ask: do you often feel sad or blue?)

Front 13

acquiescence

Back 13

tendency to say 'yes'

Front 14

social desirability

Back 14

tendency to portray self positively

Front 15

conversion symptoms

Back 15

symptoms without physical causes

Front 16

conscious

Back 16

-part of the brain of which we are currently aware
-contents can be articulated verbally, and thought about in a rational and logical manner

Front 17

pre-conscious

Back 17

-possesses the ordinary memory
-contents easily brought into awareness

Front 18

unconscious

Back 18

-repository for psychic elements
-outside of awareness, but a major influence on personality and behavior
-contains our wishes and prohibitions, our desires/impulses/fantasies, and rules against acting on them and threats of punishment

Front 19

life or sexual drives (Eros)

Back 19

concerned with survival, reproduction, and pleasure; energy from this drive is known as libido

Front 20

death drives (Thanatos)

Back 20

the goal of all life is death (Apoptosis); usually held back by Eros (life drives)

Front 21

manifest content

Back 21

the content of dreams which we are aware of and see, embodying wishes or impulses (latent content) to be gratified in fantasy, symbol, or disguised form

Front 22

latent content

Back 22

our wishes or impulses that are disguised symbolically as manifest content in our dreams

Front 23

id

Back 23

-embodies the inherited, instinctive, primitive aspects of personality
-operates entirely in the unconscious
-present at birth and never changes
-engine of personality

Front 24

pleasure principle

Back 24

asserts that the true purpose of life is the immediate satisfaction of all needs, without thought to risk or social constraints

Front 25

wish fulfillment

Back 25

formation of mental image of desired object, activity that would meet need (ie: hungry, you visualize a juicy cheeseburger)
-has no distinction between fantasy and reality

Front 26

ego

Back 26

-evolves out of the Id because Id functions cannot deal effectively with objective reality
-operates at all three levels, though primarily in the conscious and unconscious
-no moral sense
-balances between Id, Superego, and reality

Front 27

reality principle

Back 27

focus on effectively expressing Id impulses by taking into account the external world

Front 28

secondary process

Back 28

process of finding a match between the image of an object/activity and an actual object/activity

Front 29

superego

Back 29

guides person toward perfection in thought, word, and behavior
-evolves out of the ego
-operates at all levels
-inhibits any Id impulse viewed as immoral

Front 30

ego ideal

Back 30

rules about good behavior and standard of excellence
-our conforming behavior results in feelings of pride and worthiness

Front 31

conscience

Back 31

rules about bad and prohibited behavior
-our non-conforming behavior results in feelings of guilt and shame

Front 32

cathexis

Back 32

energy can be attached to/withdrawn from images, objects or activities
object cathexis-investment in image
ego cathexis-investment in real thing
anticathexis-energy invested by the ego to keep the Id from acting in an irrational or immoral way

Front 33

realistic (fear) anxiety

Back 33

threat from the outside world

Front 34

neurotic (anxiety)

Back 34

threat that Id urges will overwhelm its capacity for delay and containment

Front 35

moral (guilt) anxiety

Back 35

threat of punishment by the Superego due to violating one's Conscience (moral code) or falling short of the ideal (perfection)