Psych Exam 1

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Behaviorism

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the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychs today agree with 1 but not 2

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Humanistic psych

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emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people

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cognitive neuroscience

Back 3

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with mental activity

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psychology

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the science of behavior and mental processing

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critical thinking

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thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions rather it examines assumptions, uncovers hidden values weighs evidence and assesses conclusion

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biopsychsocial approach

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an approach that integrates biological, psychological and social cultural viewpoints

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culture

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the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and handed down from one gen to the next

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nature nurture issue

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genes vs environment

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dual processing

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at the same time our mind processes on conscious and unconscious tracks

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positive psychology

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the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

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hindsight bias

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the tend to believe after learning an out come that we knew it all along

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theory

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an explanantiong using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events

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hypothesis

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testable prediction

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operational definition

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a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

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replication

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repeating the essence of a research study usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants in other circumstances

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case study

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a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

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naturalistic observation

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a descriptive techof observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations without trying to change or control the situation

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survey

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a dest. tech. for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a group usually by questioning a representative random sample of that group

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population

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all those in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

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random sample

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a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclution

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correlation

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a measure of the extent to which two events vary together and those how well either one predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the math expression of the relationship

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psotive correlation

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+1 two things increase or decrease together

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negative correlation

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-1 one thing increases as the other decreases

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scatterplot

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a graphed cluster of dots each of which represents the values of two factors. The slope of the dots suggests the direction of the relationship between the two factors. How scattered the dots are suggests the strength of the correlation

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experiement

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a method in which researchers vary one or more factors to observe the effect on some mental process or behavior

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independent variable

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the favor that is manipulated

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dependent variable

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the variable that will change

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biological psychology

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concerned with the link between biology and behavior

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neuron

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nerve cell

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action potential

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nerve impulse

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glial cells

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cells that support nourish and protect neurons

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neuro transmitters

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neuron produced chemicals that cross synapse to carry messages to other cells

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opiate

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chemicals that depresses neural activity, lessing pain/ anxiety

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endorphines

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natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

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nerves

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bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the cps with muscles glands and sense organs

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sensory neuron

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neuron hat carries incoming sensory info from sensory receptors to cns

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motor neurons

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neuron that carries info from cps to muscles and glands

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interneuron

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neurons within the brian a nd spinal cord communicate internally

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endocrine

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body's slow chemical system, glands that secret hromones

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hormones

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chemical messengers

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adrenal glands

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above kidneys, arouse body in times of stress

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pituitary gland

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most influential endocrine gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

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brainstem

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older part of the brain, automatic survival functiones

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medulla

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the base of the brain stem, controls heartbeat and breathing

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thalmus

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area at top of the brianstem, directs sensory messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

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reticular formation

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nerve network running through the brain stem and thalamus, plays important role in controlling arousal

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cerebellum

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rear of brainstem, processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

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limbic system

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neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) legated below the cerebral hemisphere associated with emotions and drives

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amygdala

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linked to emotion

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hypothalamus

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below thalamus, directs eating, drinking, and body temp, helps govern the endocrine system and is linked to emotion and reward

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cerebral cortext

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a thin layer of interconnected neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres the bodes ultimate control and infer center

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frontal lobes

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speaking and muscle movements and making plans and jedgements

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pariatal

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touch and body position

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occipital

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visual fields

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temproal

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auditory info

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motor cortex

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rear of frontal loves controls voluntary movements

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somatosensory cortex

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cerebral cortext front of the parietal processes body touch and movement sensations

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association areas

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cerebral cortex areas involved in higher mental functions such as learning remembering thinking and speaking

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corpus callosum

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large band of neurofibers connecting the brain hemipheres

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alpha waves

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relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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delta waves

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large slow brian waves associated with deep slepp