Psych Exam 1

Front 1

mozart effect

Back 1

listening to mozart inproved cognition temporatilly...but no effect on long term

Front 2

dualism

Back 2

descartes, mind and body separate but intertwined

Front 3

wudt

Back 3

established first psych lab

-reaction time experiments

-introspection=feelings after looking at different objects

-volunteerism

Front 4

introspection

Back 4

talk about feeling when looking at different objects

Front 5

structuralism

Back 5

concious experience broken down to underlying parts, have to look at entire structure

Front 6

titchener

Back 6

structuralism

Front 7

functionalism

Back 7

mind too complex to be broken down

consousness has to have function

-darwain influenced=whats the funciton of x

Front 8

James

Back 8

functionalism, influence by darwain

Front 9

evolution theory

Back 9

darwain, used to understand the mind

Front 10

pschoanalytic

Back 10

freud, unconsious, when sexual urges are blocked it can lead to disorder

Front 11

pschoanalysis method

Back 11

bring uncounsous to consous

Front 12

gestalt pschology

Back 12

opposed structuralism

look at whole not parts

Front 13

behavioralism

Back 13

predict the behavior from exposure to different stimuli

-ring bell dog salivates

Front 14

skinner

Back 14

behaviorist, dog salivating

Front 15

cognative pschology

Back 15

involved in learning, intellegence, problem solving, linked mind with brain

Front 16

social psychology

Back 16

ppl shaped by interactions with others

Front 17

types of psych involved in individual

Back 17

behavioral, personal, congnative, differntial

Front 18

types of psych involved in group

Back 18

biological, perceptional cognition, differential

Front 19

intitutional review boards = (IRB's)

Back 19

ethical guidelines

-privacy, confidentiallity, informed concent, deception, risks

Front 20

observational study

Back 20

observe ppl in their habitat

-adv=easy and good early to tell if phenominon exists, can be lab or real world

-dis=observer bias and reactivity

Front 21

observer bias

Back 21

observers expectation can cause bias in recorded result

Front 22

reactivity

Back 22

observer presence change due to being witnessed

Front 23

self report

Back 23

surveys

-adv=cheap and fast/ez, lots of data

-des=self report bias, memories not perfect

Front 24

self report bias

Back 24

in self reports/surveys ppl wont reveale things butting them in negative light

Front 25

case study

Back 25

intense examination on one or few ppl in an instance

-adv=lots of data

-dis=subjective, prexisting theories are favored unfairly, rusults cannot be generalized from one study

Front 26

correlational method

Back 26

find correlation in data not causal

Front 27

directionality problem

Back 27

cant determine what causes what (correlational methods)

Front 28

third variable problem

Back 28

correlational studies can have third variable causeing the observed relationship

Front 29

confound

Back 29

something that effects dependent variable that is not intended

-reduced by control

Front 30

operational definition

Back 30

define experiment specifically

-with x blood alcohol u will achieve y score

Front 31

central nervous system

Back 31

brain and spinal coard

Front 32

peripheral nervous system

Back 32

nerve cells in rest of body

-somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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somatic nervous system

Back 33

voluntary controll

Front 34

autonomic nervous system

Back 34

involuntary control

Front 35

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 35

rest/digest/fee/breed, urination, sexual arousal ect,

Front 36

sympathetic nervous system

Back 36

fight or flight

Front 37

dendtrites

Back 37

detect signals

Front 38

cell body

Back 38

integrates (joined together) info

Front 39

axon

Back 39

sends out info, transmits

Front 40

terminal buttons

Back 40

end of axon, connect to other dendrites

Front 41

synapse

Back 41

communication between nuerons via nuerotransmitters

Front 42

action potencial

Back 42

nueral impule traveling allong axon to relase nuerotransmiter to synapse

Front 43

steps to nueron

Back 43

1. transmisison=enouph stimiliation to cause action potencial and down axon

2. reception=action potencial causes nuerotransmitters to release, and enter dendrites

3. integration=nuero trans excites or inhibs postsynaptic nueron,

Front 44

myelin sheath

Back 44

increases the speed of nueral transmission

Front 45

agonist

Back 45

drugs that enhance actions of nuerotransmitters

Front 46

antagonist

Back 46

drugs that inhib actions of nuerotransmitters

Front 47

acetocholine

Back 47

motor control over muscles

Front 48

epinepherine

Back 48

adrenal and energy

Front 49

norepinephrine

Back 49

arousal and alertness

Front 50

serotonin

Back 50

emotional states and impulse control dreaming

Front 51

dopamine

Back 51

rewards and motivation

Front 52

GABA

Back 52

inhibition of action potencial for anxiety recution, intoxicatoin via alcohol

Front 53

glutamate

Back 53

enhancement of action potencials, learning and memory

Front 54

endorphins

Back 54

pain reduciton/reward

-no pain at first in traumatic situations

Front 55

gall

Back 55

phrenology (diff parts of brain do diff things) wrong and no basing for the system but is ture there is a system

Front 56

broca

Back 56

found brocas lobe, related to talking with language

Front 57

EEG

Back 57

electrodes on scalp, get general idea of brain activity

Front 58

fMRI

Back 58

cahnge in blood oxygen level detection, map working brain

Front 59

TMS(transcranial magnetic stimulation

Back 59

fast/powerful magnetic field to momentarily disrupt activity in specific brain area, if disable speech area patient cant speak ect.

Front 60

forebrain

Back 60

motivation, emotion, complex thought

-subcortical (hippocampus, amgdala, basal ganglia)

-cortical structures (occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal lobes)

Front 61

midbrain

Back 61

movement

-substantia nigra=initiation of voluntrary motor control

Front 62

hindbrain

Back 62

survival

-brainstem=breathing, heart rate, survival

-cerebellum=motor learning, coordination, balance

Front 63

brainstem

Back 63

breathing, heart rate, survival

Front 64

cerebellum

Back 64

motor learning, coordination, motor activity

Front 65

substanctia nigra

Back 65

initiation of voluntary motor activity

Front 66

thalamus

Back 66

sensory info except smell

Front 67

hypothalamus

Back 67

body functions and motivation (hunger and thirst ex)

Front 68

hippocampus

Back 68

memory formation

Front 69

amygdala

Back 69

emotional assosiation with expiences

Front 70

basal ganglia

Back 70

motor planning and movement, reward

Front 71

occipital lobes

Back 71

vison

Front 72

parietal lobes

Back 72

touch, spatial information

Front 73

temportal lobes

Back 73

hearing, memory of faces and shapes

Front 74

frontal lobes

Back 74

planning, movement, complex thought

Front 75

corpus collsoum

Back 75

connects two brain hemispheres together

Front 76

fusiform face area

Back 76

between occipital and temporal lobes

-face recongnition

Front 77

somatosensory homunculus

Back 77

somatoosensory area on top of cerebral cortex (parietal) towards frontal is motor cortex while toward back is somatosensory

Front 78

preforntal cortex

Back 78

is the part of brain of frontal cortex

Front 79

gage

Back 79

had a rod though his frontal lobe, became animal like in his actions

Front 80

lebotomy

Back 80

damaging prefrontal contrx to get lethargy as treatment for disorder

Front 81

dizygotic twins

Back 81

fraternal twins nonidentical

Front 82

left hemishphere

Back 82

language, motor actions of right body, math, logic, linear thinking

Front 83

plasticity

Back 83

nurtures effect on nature in brain, brain can adapt to situations

Front 84

split brain

Back 84

corpus collapsum cut so brain hemis are seperated

Front 85

right hemisphere

Back 85

spatial orientation, imagination, emotional

Front 86

determinism

Back 86

no room for free will

-universe is lawfull, everything, everything happens due to preexisting reasons

Front 87

paradigm

Back 87

dominant viewpoint at a particular time

Front 88

paradigm process

Back 88

pre-paradigm-->paradigm-->revoluiton

-all therories change

Front 89

empiric observation-pschology

Back 89

electical reading of brain, things that can be measured directly

Front 90

chompsky

Back 90

against determinism, more than what is already there, can be creative to come up with new idea

Front 91

order of psych

Back 91

matter-->living system-->mind-->culture

Front 92

metaphysics

Back 92

what is the nature of reality

Front 93

epistemology

Back 93

what is the nature of knowledge, what does it mean to know

-senses=give us knowledge of phsycial

-intuitino gives us knowledge ofabstract

Front 94

two realms of metaphysics

Back 94

abstract and physical realm (cant get perfect right triangle)

Front 95

zeno's paradox

Back 95

every change is illusion (everything has always been the same), always walking halfway and will never get there

Front 96

dualism

Back 96

platos allegory of cave led to this (we only see shadows)

-physical world and mental world seperate

Front 97

nativism

Back 97

part of dualism, everything u know u already knew just need to be reminded of

(how can u not know somethign unless u already knew)

Front 98

toledo falls

Back 98

library in middle ages with lots of info

Front 99

galileo gallilei

Back 99

what is pschology, what problems we encounter iwth it

Front 100

primary vs secondary qualities

Back 100

primary=absolute immutable and capable of precise math description

secondary=purely psychologica experiences (mind)

Front 101

descartes

Back 101

saught undeniable basis for truth

-the skeptic

-cant trsut senses

-i think therefore i am

Front 102

cartesian paradigm

Back 102

animals have mechanical bodies, work anatomically without soul

-humans have nonphsycial mind that permeates soul

-vitalism=mind is another essence that gives us life

-interacitionsim

Front 103

vitalism

Back 103

mind is essence that gives us life, being alive is based on balance of fluidsin body

Front 104

interactionism

Back 104

mind and bod are distinct but interact some ways , mind interprets physcial

Front 105

catesian theory

Back 105

smaller version of us that dictates what we see

-little man in brain like watching a movie

-can get in between what we see and this man can cause problems

Front 106

newton

Back 106

god is mathmetician, something set universe in motion and stepped away

-rejects dualism

-occams razor=shave off extranious explanations

Front 107

occams razor

Back 107

shave off extraneous explanations (newton)

Front 108

voluntarism

Back 108

study of consious behaviour, free will and creativity

Front 109

wudnt

Back 109

sudy of consous behavior

-volunteerism

-rationalist=consious is due to physcial activity

Front 110

rationalism

Back 110

conscous due to phsycial activity

Front 111

titchner

Back 111

empiricist=consousness is prodcut of elements comign together

-subcategory of structuralism

Front 112

watson

Back 112

behaviorism

focus on observable stimuli

Front 113

clive wearing

Back 113

ex of case study

-couldnt develope long term memories after surgery

Front 114

context specificity

Back 114

may miss importantt fators influencing behavior with case studies

Front 115

action specific approach

Back 115

ppls perpective of world is based on their ability to move around in it

-recorded distance inc with inc in slope (actual distance constant)

Front 116

comparitive psychology

Back 116

psych involved in animal behavior

-rats in maze

Front 117

slime mold

Back 117

can do mazes, solve traveling busynesman problem

-like slimemolds brain is designed for function rather than refelction upon itself

Front 118

helmholtz

Back 118

timed the nueral impulse

Front 119

glia

Back 119

act as support structures

-supply and regulate oxgyen

-controll placement of nuerons

-30x glia to nueron ration

Front 120

white matter

Back 120

nuerons with myelin sheath, faster responces

Front 121

grey matter

Back 121

nuerons without myelin shealth slower connection

Front 122

afferant nueron

Back 122

sensory, info into the brain

-carry incoming info from sensory receptor ot the CNS

Front 123

efferent nueron

Back 123

motor, carry the outgoing info from CNS to muscles and glands

-signal form spine goes to body

Front 124

projection nueron

Back 124

link one area of CNS to another

-connects two diff areas of brain together

Front 125

internuerons

Back 125

local connections of brain, connect two nuerons, mostly brain

Front 126

nueron at rest

Back 126

polarized at charge of -70mV

Front 127

graded potencial

Back 127

signal coming form another nueron causes slight chagne in polarity of dentrites and can cause it to fire

Front 128

graded depolarization

Back 128

outside and insdie of nueron becomes more close in charge, less neg inside

Front 129

graded hyperpolarization

Back 129

potasium kicked out increasing polarization

Front 130

critical threshhold

Back 130

-50mV if it reaches this then nueron fires

Front 131

refractory period

Back 131

nueron cannot fire during this period

-after firing nueron goes beyond -70mv and too neg to fire

Front 132

nuerotransmitter binding

Back 132

causes open or closing of ion channel

-na channel opening: depolarizes the membrane (excitatory)

-k channel or cl channel opening=hyperpolarizes the membrane (inhibitory)

Front 133

hebb's law

Back 133

nuerons that fire togheter wire together

Front 134

ergonomics

Back 134

study of ppls efficiantsy in workign environment

Front 135

social pschology

Back 135

diseases, ailments

Front 136

metaphysics philosophy

Back 136

two realms completely seperate (pythagerous)

Front 137

1500 years ago west vs east thought

Back 137

east=dom by aristotle focusing on sensation and optics

west=platonic church version (dualism/cave)

Front 138

problems psychologists encounter

Back 138

subjective reality

can only study primary qualities (qualities able to be scientifically/mathematically studied)

Front 139

stream of consiousness

Back 139

past, pres future arbitrary, no districtinos from past

Front 140

clinical

Back 140

understanding invidual differences in cases to treat ppl

Front 141

descartes

Back 141

innate ideas=god, infinity unity ect

-relativity (3 basins problem)

-i think therefore i am

-mind and physical have to be seperated

-matrix

Front 142

wartheimer

Back 142

gestalt

Front 143

neisser

Back 143

cognative psychology

Front 144

external validity

Back 144

high in naturalistic observation

Front 145

humes touchstone

Back 145

explanations of behavior should apply to all capable organsims (slime mold vs mazes)

Front 146

nueromodulators

Back 146

effect ability of nuerotransmitters

Front 147

lateralization

Back 147

division of labor between two brains

Front 148

brocas aphasia

Back 148

cant talk or form words

Front 149

wernickes aphasia

Back 149

can form words but dont make sense

-difficulty in semantics

Front 150

phrenology

Back 150

putting diff mind processes to certain location

Front 151

pons

Back 151

relays sensory info to hindbrain

Front 152

medulla

Back 152

reg of heart beat arousal

Front 153

stanley hall

Back 153

first lab, phd in psych, president of apa

Front 154

eeg tcd

Back 154

high temporal low spatial

Front 155

pet

Back 155

good spatial and temporal but invasive due to rad

Front 156

bell mendegi law

Back 156

ventral nerves of spine are for motor output

dorsal side are sensory imput

Front 157

sensory afferant division

Back 157

somatic sensory and visceral sensory

Front 158

visceral sensory

Back 158

stretch pain temp

-taste and smell

Front 159

somatic sensory

Back 159

touch pain pressure vibration

-hearing equilibrium vision

Front 160

pineal

Back 160

governs body rythyms

Front 161

pituitary gland

Back 161

governs other glands

Front 162

thyroid gland

Back 162

how body burns energy (glucose)

Front 163

adrenal gland

Back 163

immune system

Front 164

tectum

Back 164

vision, hearing, orientation

Front 165

tegmentum

Back 165

contians substancia nigra for involuntary controll

Front 166

midbrain

Back 166

tectum and tegmentum (substancia nigra)

Front 167

parkingsons disease

Back 167

nuerons that prodcue dopamine in substancia nigra die off

Front 168

reticular formation

Back 168

helps control arousal

Front 169

angular gyrus

Back 169

transforms visual and auditory so they are togheter

Front 170

hawthorne effect

Back 170

observer effect

Front 171

graded vs action potencial

Back 171

graded is natural responce of nuerons polarity while action potencial is other nuerons effect on it via depolarization

Front 172

fundamental attributin error

-less suseptable ppl

Back 172

over emphasis of explaining ones behavior using deep meaning, rather than consider external factors

-those in collective cultures rather than individual cultures

Front 173

richarson and boyd

Back 173

culture and genetics both apply affects into psychology