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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Psychology
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Def: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Attribution Theory |
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Attribution theory
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Def: The theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
Ex: Woman's fault for getting killed after stepping out on husband. RC: Fundamental Attribution Error |
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Def: The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of person disposition.
Ex: Assuming a driver is a young psycho for driving far above the speed limit when it could be family emergency. RC: Attribution Theory |
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Attitude
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Def: A belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
Ex: Racist attitudes of superiority tended to see white men blaming black men for all of society's problems. RC: Attribution Theory. |
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Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
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Def: The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Ex: Asking for a small amount of money now, and then a more at a later date. RC: Attitude |
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
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Def: The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.
Ex: When our aweareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing out attitudes. RC: Attitude |
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Conformity
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Def: Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Ex: Everyone conforms in some way to be accepted. RC: Attitude |
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Normative Social Influence
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Def: Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Informational Social Influence |
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Informational Social Influence
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Def: Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Normative Social Influence |
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Social Facilitation
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Def: Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Social Loafing |
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Social Loafing
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Def: The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Social Facilitation |
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Deindividuation
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Def: The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Ex: Group Polarization RC: Group Polarization |
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Group Polarization
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Def: The enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Deindividuation |
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Groupthink
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Def: The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Group Polarization |
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Prejudice
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Def: An unjustifiable (and usually neg) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice gen. involves stereotyped beliefs, neg feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Stereotype. |
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Stereotype
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Def: A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Prejudice |
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Ingroup
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Def: "us"-people with whom one shares a common identity.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Outgroup. |
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Outgroup
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Def: "them"-those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Ingroup. |
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Ingroup Bias
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Def: The tendency to favor one's own group.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Ingroup |
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Scapegoat Theory
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Def: The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Stereotype |
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Just-World Phenomenon
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Def: The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Attribution |
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Aggression
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Def: Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Conflict |
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Frustration-Aggression Principle
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Def: The principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Conflict |
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Conflict
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Def: A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Aggression |
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Social Trap
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Def: A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Mere Exposure Effect |
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Mere Exposure Effect
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Def: The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Passionate Love |
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Passionate Love
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Def: An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Companionate Love |
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Companionate Love
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Def: The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our live are intertwined.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Passionate Love |
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Equity
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Def: A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Self-Disclosure |
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Self-Disclosure
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Def: Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Altruism |
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Altruism
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Def: Unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Bystander Effect |
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Bystander Effect
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Def: The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Altruism |
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Social Exchange Theory
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Def: The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: GRIT |
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Superordinate Goals
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Def: Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Social Exchange Theory |
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GRIT
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Def: Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.
Ex: Comic Sans is Awesome! RC: Social Exchange Theory |
