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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
MOTIVATION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH ACTIVITES ARE STARTED, DIRECTED AND CONTINUED SO THAT PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS/WANTS ARE MET
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
TYPE OF MOTIVATION:
-A PERSON PERFORMS AN ACTION BECAUSE IT LEADS TO AN OUTCOME THAT IS SEPARATE FROM THE PERSON
*GET AN AWARD
INSTINCTS
THE BIOLOGICALLY DETERMINED AND INNATE PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR THAT EXIST IN BOTH PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
INSTINCT APPROACH
ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE ARE GOVERNED BY INSTINCTS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF ANIMALS
-18 HUMAN INSTINCTS
NEED
A REQUIREMENT OF SOME MATERIAL THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL
-FOOD/WATER
DRIVE
A PSYCHOLOGICAL TENSION AND PHYSICAL AROUSAL ARISING WHEN THERE IS A NEED THAT MOTIVATES A PERSON TO ACT IN ORDER TO FULFILL THE NEED AND REDUCE THE TENSION
DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY
ASSUMES BEHAVIOR ARISES FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS THAT CAUSE INTERNAL DRIVES TO PUSH THE ORGANISM TO SATISFY THE NEED AND REDUCE TENSION/AROUSAL
-CLIMBING!
PRIMARY DRIVES
DRIVES THAT INVOLVE NEEDS OF THE BODY SUCH AS HUNGER AND THIRST
-UNLEARNED DRIVES
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES
DRIVES THAT ARE LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIENCE/CONDITIONING
-NEED FOR MONEY OR SOCIAL APPROVAL
HOMEOSTASIS
THE TENDENCY OF THE BODY TO MAINTAIN A STEADY STATE
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF NEEDS?
1. NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT (nAch)

2. NEED FOR AFFIRMATION (nAff)

3. NEED FOR POWER (nPow)
STIMULUS MOTIVE
A MOTIVE THAT APPEARS TO BE UNLEARNED BUT CAUSES AN INCREASE IN STIMULATION
*CURIOSITY
AROUSAL THEORY
PEOPLE ARE SAID TO HAVE AN OPTIMAL LEVEL OF TENSION THAT THEY SEEK TO MAINTAIN BY INCREASING OR DECREASING STIMULATION
YERKES-DODSON LAW
STATES THAT PERFORMANCE IS RELATED TO AROUSAL
-moderate levels of arousal= better performance (than do high/low levels of arousal)
SENSATION SEEKER
someone who needs more arousal than the average person

-indiana jones
incentives
things that attract or lure people into action
expectancy-value theories
incentive theory that assumes the actions of humans cannot be predicted or fully understood without understanding the BELIEFS, VALUES and THE IMPORTANCE that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment in time
self-actualization
according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
peak experience
according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved
self-determination theory
theory of human motivation-
the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action
intrinsic motivation
a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner
insulin
hormones secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbs in the body by REDUCING THE LEVEL of glucose in the bloodstream
glucagons
hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins and carbs in the body by INCREASING THE LEVEL of glucose in the bloodstream
weight set point
particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
Basal Metabolic Rate (MBR)
the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting
obesity
a condition in which the body weight of a person is 20% more over the ideal body weight for that person's height
anorexia nervosa
condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight occurs
bulimia
the development of a cycle of 'binging' or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting and 'purging' or deliberately vomiting after eating
leptin
a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full
emotion
the 'feeling' aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings
display rules
learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
common sense theory of emotion
a stimulus -> emotion -> bodily arousal
James Lange theory of emotion
stimulus -> bodily arousal -> emotion
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
-emotion
stimulus->
-bodily arousal
*occur simultaneously
cognitive arousal theory
i think i am afraid, therefore i am.
positive psychology movement
viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness