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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
MOTIVATION
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH ACTIVITES ARE STARTED, DIRECTED AND CONTINUED SO THAT PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS/WANTS ARE MET
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EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
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TYPE OF MOTIVATION:
-A PERSON PERFORMS AN ACTION BECAUSE IT LEADS TO AN OUTCOME THAT IS SEPARATE FROM THE PERSON *GET AN AWARD |
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INSTINCTS
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THE BIOLOGICALLY DETERMINED AND INNATE PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR THAT EXIST IN BOTH PEOPLE AND ANIMALS
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INSTINCT APPROACH
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ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE ARE GOVERNED BY INSTINCTS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF ANIMALS
-18 HUMAN INSTINCTS |
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NEED
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A REQUIREMENT OF SOME MATERIAL THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL
-FOOD/WATER |
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DRIVE
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A PSYCHOLOGICAL TENSION AND PHYSICAL AROUSAL ARISING WHEN THERE IS A NEED THAT MOTIVATES A PERSON TO ACT IN ORDER TO FULFILL THE NEED AND REDUCE THE TENSION
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DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY
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ASSUMES BEHAVIOR ARISES FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS THAT CAUSE INTERNAL DRIVES TO PUSH THE ORGANISM TO SATISFY THE NEED AND REDUCE TENSION/AROUSAL
-CLIMBING! |
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PRIMARY DRIVES
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DRIVES THAT INVOLVE NEEDS OF THE BODY SUCH AS HUNGER AND THIRST
-UNLEARNED DRIVES |
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ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES
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DRIVES THAT ARE LEARNED THROUGH EXPERIENCE/CONDITIONING
-NEED FOR MONEY OR SOCIAL APPROVAL |
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HOMEOSTASIS
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THE TENDENCY OF THE BODY TO MAINTAIN A STEADY STATE
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WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF NEEDS?
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1. NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT (nAch)
2. NEED FOR AFFIRMATION (nAff) 3. NEED FOR POWER (nPow) |
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STIMULUS MOTIVE
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A MOTIVE THAT APPEARS TO BE UNLEARNED BUT CAUSES AN INCREASE IN STIMULATION
*CURIOSITY |
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AROUSAL THEORY
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PEOPLE ARE SAID TO HAVE AN OPTIMAL LEVEL OF TENSION THAT THEY SEEK TO MAINTAIN BY INCREASING OR DECREASING STIMULATION
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YERKES-DODSON LAW
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STATES THAT PERFORMANCE IS RELATED TO AROUSAL
-moderate levels of arousal= better performance (than do high/low levels of arousal) |
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SENSATION SEEKER
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someone who needs more arousal than the average person
-indiana jones |
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incentives
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things that attract or lure people into action
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expectancy-value theories
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incentive theory that assumes the actions of humans cannot be predicted or fully understood without understanding the BELIEFS, VALUES and THE IMPORTANCE that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment in time
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self-actualization
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according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
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peak experience
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according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved
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self-determination theory
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theory of human motivation-
the social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action |
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intrinsic motivation
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a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner
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insulin
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hormones secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbs in the body by REDUCING THE LEVEL of glucose in the bloodstream
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glucagons
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hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins and carbs in the body by INCREASING THE LEVEL of glucose in the bloodstream
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weight set point
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particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
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Basal Metabolic Rate (MBR)
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the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting
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obesity
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a condition in which the body weight of a person is 20% more over the ideal body weight for that person's height
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anorexia nervosa
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condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight occurs
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bulimia
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the development of a cycle of 'binging' or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting and 'purging' or deliberately vomiting after eating
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leptin
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a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full
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emotion
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the 'feeling' aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings
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display rules
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learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings
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common sense theory of emotion
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a stimulus -> emotion -> bodily arousal
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James Lange theory of emotion
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stimulus -> bodily arousal -> emotion
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Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
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-emotion
stimulus-> -bodily arousal *occur simultaneously |
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cognitive arousal theory
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i think i am afraid, therefore i am.
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positive psychology movement
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viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness
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