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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is Psychology?

Scientific study of:



* The mind


* Human behavior


* Mental process

3 types of Psychology

1. Industrial Orginization (I/O): Applies the principals of psych to the workplace.


2. Experimental: Conducts research on basic psychological processes.


3. Personality: Study of differences among individuals in trails such as sociability, conscientiousness, emotional stability self-esteem, etc.

Scientific Method

* Approach to knowledge that relies on collecting data


* Generating a theory to explain the data


* Producing testable hypothesis based on the theory


* Testing the hypothesis empirically

Year Psychology was born

1879

Free Association

A patient lies on a couch, recounts dreams, and says whatever comes to mind.

Define Tabula Rasa

Blank State

Research methods in Psychology

* Naturalistic Observation - Studies what occurs naturally.


* Survey - Questions & interviews given to select group of people.


* Correlational - Studies relationship between 2 variables.


* Case study - Analysis of individual group.


* Experiment - Studies 2 groups: Research (change) and control (stays the same).


* Double blind - Researchers and participants are unaware of who receives placebo.

What does APA stand for?

American Psychological Association

All or Nothing Law

A neuron is either firing or resting - there's no in between.

Ions

Electrically charged particles inside and outside of the axon. + or -.

Resting Potential

More negative ions inside the axon than outside.

Neural Impulse/Action Potential

Firing of a neuron.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons.

Central Nervous System contains what?

Brain & spinal cord.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight or flight, active.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Relaxed, calm.

Wernicke's area of the brain

* Language


* Understanding

Broca's area of the brain

Responsible for the ability to talk.

Genes

Basic units of inheritance.

Pineal gland

Secretes melatonin and seratonin.

Chromosomes

Pairs of thread-like bodies within the cell nucleus that contain the genes.

Frontal Lobe

Coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes; such as complex problem solving.

Parietal Lobe

Receives sensory information from sense receptors all over the body.

Temporal Lobe

Involved in complex visual tasks; regulates emotions & balance.

Occipital Lobe

Receives and processes visual information.

DNA

(Deoxyribonucleic acid)


* Complex molecule in a double-helix configuration


* Main ingredient of chromosomes and genes


* Forms a code for all genetic information

Hypothesis

Scientific, testable predictions derived from a theory; educated guess.

3 tiny bones in the ear

1. Anvil


2. Stirrup


3. Hammer

Rods

Receptor cells in the retina responsible for night vision and perception of brightness.

Cones

Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision.

One tool that can be used to study the brain

CAT or CT scan


(Computerized axial tomography)


- Permits 3D imaging of a living human brain.

Pancreas

Responsible for secreting insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

Absolute Threshold

The least amount of energy that can be detected as a stimulation 50% of the time.

Where are the tongues taste buds located?

* Tip


* Sides


* Back of tongue

Pupil

Small opening in the iris through which light enters the eye.

Iris

Colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil.

Sensation

Basic experience of stimulating the body's senses.

Receptor Cell

Specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy.

Adaptation

An adjustment to the senses to the level of stimulation they are receiving.

Cornea

Transparent coating over the front of the eye.

Lens

Transparent part of the eye behind the pupil that focuses light onto the retina.

Fovea

Area of the retina that is the center of the visual field.

Retina

Lining of the eye containing receptor cells that are sensitive to light.

Sound

Psychological experience created by the brain in response to changes in air pressure that are received by the auditory system.

Sound waves

Changes in pressure caused when molecules of air or fluid collide with one another and then moves apart again.

Amplitude

Loudness

Decibel

Unit of measurement for loudness of sounds.

Oval window

Membrane across the opening between the middle and inner ear that conducts vibrations to the cochlea.

Cochlea

Part of the inner ear containing fluid that vibrates, which causes the basilar membrane to vibrate.

Basilar membrane

Vibrating membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.

Organ of Corti

Structure on the surface of the basilar membrane that contains the receptor cells for hearing.

Auditory nerve

Bundle of axons that carries signals from each ear to then brain.

Olfactory bulb

The smell center of the brain.

Taste buds

Structures on the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste.

Corpus callosum

Thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Cerebral cortex

Outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulates most complex behavior.