Psych Chapter 7: States Of Consciousness

Front 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Back 1

consciousness

Front 2

periodic physiological fluctuations

Back 2

biological rhythms

Front 3

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur in a 24-hour cycle

Back 3

circadian rhythm

Front 4

rapid eye movement sleep, a reoccurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams commonly occur. The muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

Back 4

REM sleep

Front 5

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Back 5

alpha waves

Front 6

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

Back 6

sleep

Front 7

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Back 7

hallucinations

Front 8

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Back 8

delta waves

Front 9

reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Back 9

insomnia

Front 10

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Back 10

narcolepsy

Front 11

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Back 11

sleep apnea

Front 12

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

Back 12

night terrors

Front 13

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. They are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Back 13

dream

Front 14

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

Back 14

manifest content

Front 15

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

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latent content

Front 16

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Back 16

REM rebound

Front 17

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Back 17

hypnosis

Front 18

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

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posthypnotic suggestion

Front 19

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

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dissociation

Front 20

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

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psychoactive drug

Front 21

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

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tolerance

Front 22

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Back 22

withdrawal

Front 23

a psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

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physical dependence

Front 24

a physiological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

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psychological dependence

Front 25

compulsive drug craving and use

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addiction

Front 26

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Back 26

barbiturates

Front 27

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

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opiates

Front 28

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Back 28

stimulants

Front 29

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Back 29

amphetamines

Front 30

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

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methamphetamines

Front 31

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Back 31

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Front 32

psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

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hallucinogens

Front 33

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

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LSD

Front 34

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

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THC

Front 35

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induces hallucinations

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near-death experience

Front 36

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

Back 36

dualism

Front 37

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

Back 37

monism