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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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language
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a system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar
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phoneme
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the smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than as random noise
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phonological rules
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a set of rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds
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morphemes
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the smallest meaningful unit of language
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grammar
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a set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages
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morphological rules
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a set of rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words
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syntactical rules
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a set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences
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deep structure
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the meaning of a sentence
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surface structure
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how a sentence is worded
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fast mapping
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the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure
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telegraphic speech
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speech that is devoid of function morphemes and consists mostly of content words
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nativist theory of language
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the view that language development is best explained as an innate, biological capacity
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language acquisition device (LAD)
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a collection of processes that facilitate language learning
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genetic dysphasia
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a syndrome characterized by an inability to learn the grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence
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aphasia
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difficulty in producing or comprehending language
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Broca's area
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located in the left frontal cortex, involved in the production of sequential patterns in vocal and sign languages
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Wernicke's area
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located in the left temporal cortex, involved in language comprehension (spoken or signed)
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linguistic relativity hypothesis
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the proposal that language shapes the nature of thought
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concept
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a mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli
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category-specific deficit
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a neurological syndrome that is characterized by an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category while leaving the ability to recognize objects outside the category undisturbed
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family resemblance theory
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members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member
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prototype
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the "best" or "most typical" member of a category
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prototype theory
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category members that have many features in common with other members are rated as more typical of the category than are members that share few common features
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exemplar theory
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a theory of categorization that argues that we make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category
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