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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Any system- human, animal, or machine- that encodes, stores and retrieves information
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Memory
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Human memory is an _____ processing system that works constructively to _______, ______, and _______ information
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info. encode. store. retrieve.
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when remembering, you retrieve ________ of the memory. Then, using ______ you reconstruct the memory by filling in the blanks with how you ______ the incident instead of how it really was.
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fragment(x2) think
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Two types of info that we build the most complete memories for.
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Rehearsed, Emotionally arousing, info we've payed attn to, something that connects us to a previous exp., interesting
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Encoding, Storing, Retrieving
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Memories three basic tasks
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Elaboration
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connecting new info with existing info
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Essentially same theory as Piaget's assimilation
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ELABORATION
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When your mind is selecting info
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encoding
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Retention of encoded material over time
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storing
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T/F retrieval always works
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FALSE
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Better known as Photographic Memory
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EIDETIC MEMORY
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How many sequential stages does Permanent Memory have?
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3
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Memory that holds sights, sounds, smells, textures
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SENSORY
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Takes info selectively from sensory registers and connects it with items already in long term storage
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WORKING MEMORY
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Everything entering consciousness passes thru what memory?
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WORKING
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the location and recovery of info from memory
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retrieval
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Holds barrage of incoming sensation about 1/4 second for brain to scan it and decide which stream of info needs attn
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sensory memory
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Who studied capacity and duration of sensory memory?
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Sperling
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Ionic Memory
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Vision
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Echoic Memory
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Hearing
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Example of what kind of mem: remembering words from beginning of sentence to understand end of sentence
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working
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working memory is the mechanism that selects info from the _______ mem
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sensory
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which memory has smallest holding capacity of the three memory stages
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working
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what temp stores sounds
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phonological loop
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what is used to store and manipulate visual images
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sketchpad
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any pattern or meaningful unit of info
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chunk
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you can get more material into the seven slots of working memory by using what study idea?
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chunking
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Phone company's reason behind hyphens in #'s:
412-533-3321 |
CHUNKING
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Matinance rehearsal- does well maintaining info _______ in ______ memory
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temporarily working
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Elaborative Rehearsal... info is _______ repeated and related to _____ _____ info in long term memory.
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actively. already existing
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conversion of info into sound patterns in working memory
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acoustic encoding
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levels of processing in working memory was proposed by
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craik and lockhart
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Picture longterm memory as a huge web of ____________ associations
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interconnected
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longterm memory is capable of holding memory for how long?
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lifetime
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the more ________ you make, the more info you can hold
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associations
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2 main parts of longterm memory
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proceduarl, declarative
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Division of Longterm memory that stores memories for HOW things are done
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PROCEDURAL
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Division of Longterm memory that stores memories for explicit INFO
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Declarative
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SUBdivision of declarative memory that stores memory for personal events or episodes
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EPISODIC MEMORY
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Acts as an internal diary
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Subdivision of delcarative memory that stores general knowledge including meanings of words and concepts
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SEMANTIC MEMORY
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Physical changes in brain associated w memory also known as memory trace
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ENGRAM
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Ingram
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Inability to form memories for new info
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ANTEROgrade AMNESIA
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anterograde or retrograde
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Inability to remember info previously stored in memory
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RETROgrade Amnesia
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anterograde or retrograde
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What causes Alzheimer's disease?
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deteriaration of hippocampus
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hippo
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process by which short term memories are changed to long term memories over period of time
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consolidation
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what strengthens memories that have large emotional associations?
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Amygdala
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Clear and vivid long term memory of an esspecially meaningful and emotional event
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flashbulb memory
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memory you did not know that you know
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implicit
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memory that has been processed with atn and conciously recalled
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explicit
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procedural memories are often _______
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implicit
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A memory is ______ if it can affect behavior or mental processes without becoming fully conscious
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implicit
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something used to bring a memory to consciousness or into behavior
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retrieval cues
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Technique for cuing implicit memories by providing cues that bring memory without awareness
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PRIMING
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prime rib
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remembering gist of idea instead of actual words
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retrieving explicit memories
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retrieval method in which one must reproduce previously presented info.
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recall
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TYPE OF RETRIEVAL METHOD: police ask eyewitness to remember robber
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recognition
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memory process that selectively retrieves memories that match one's mood
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mood-congruent memory
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congruent
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"tip of tongue"
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TOT phenomenon
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napoleon dynamite
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Fading memories cause forgetting
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transcience
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it's a science
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Who molded the seven sins of memory
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Schacter
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shack
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Misplacing car keys
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absent mindedness
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occurs when info hasencountered interference
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blocking
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cause of forgetting by which previously stored info prevents learning and remembering new info
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proactive interference
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cause of forgetting by which newly learned info prevents retrieval of previously stored material
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retroactive interference
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memories in wrong context
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misattribution
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process of momory distortion as result of deliberate or inadvertent suggestions
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suggestibility
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