Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
action potential
|
tiny electrical current that is generated when positive sodium ions rush inside the axon
|
|
|
all-or-none law
|
if an actional potential starts at the beginning of an axon, it will continue to the very end of the axon
|
|
|
glial cells
|
brain cells that provide scaffolding, insulation, chemicals to protect and support neural growth
|
|
|
ions
|
chemical particles with electrical charges
opposites attract |
|
|
mind-body question
|
how can complex mental activities be generated by the physical properties of the brain?
|
|
|
nerve impulse
|
a series of separate action potentials that take place down the length of an axon
|
|
|
neuron
|
chemical keys with a special shape-fit with a chemical lock/receptor
|
|
|
neurotransmitters
|
brain cell with extensions to receive and transmit electric signals
|
|
|
phantom limb
|
when you can "feel" a limb that was amputated
|
|
|
reflex
|
unlearned, involuntary reaction to a stimulus--prewired
|
|
|
alzheimer's disease
|
incurable--
brain damage, memory loss, deterioration of personality |
|
|
dendrites
|
branchlike extensions from cell body to receive and pass signals to cell body
|
|
|
end bulbs
|
miniature containers at extrememe ends of axon branches; store chemicals called neurotransmitters
|
|
|
Parkinson's disease
|
tremors, shakes, progressive slowing of voluntary movements with feelings of depression
|
|
|
sodium pump
|
keeps the axon charged by returning sodium ions outside the axon
|
|
|
stereotaxic procedure
|
put patient's head in a holder and drill a hole thru the skull, a syringe is guided to a brain area
|
|
|
synapse
|
small space between terminal button and adjacent dendrite, muscle fiber, or organ
|
|
|
autonomic nervous system
|
regulates heart rate, breathng, blood pressure--INVOLUNTARY movements
|
|
|
central nervous system
|
brain and spinal cord
carries information back and fortch between the brain and the body |
|
|
cortex
|
thin lay of cells that covers forebrain
folds onto itself |
|
|
forebrain
|
largest part of brain
right and left hemispheres many functions |
|
|
frontal lobe
|
large cortical area in the FRONT of the brain
like an executive |
|
|
gene
|
if you don't know what this is, you're in trouble...
a specific segment on the DNA that contains instructions for building |
|
|
MRI
|
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
pass radio frequencies through brain and measure how signals interact with brain cells |
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
nerves that extend from the spinal cord
carry messages to and from muscles, glands, and sense organs |
|
|
PET SCAN
|
positron emission tomography
measure a radioactive solution absorbed by brain cells shows activity of various neurons |
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
network of nerves that connect to sensory receptors or to muscles that are moved voluntarily
|
|
|
amygdala
|
forms, recognizes, and remembers emotional experiences and facial expressions
|
|
|
cerebellum
|
BACK OF THE BRAIN
coordinates but DOES NOT INITIATE voluntary movements |
|
|
endocrine system
|
a main system
glands that secrete hormones |
|
|
fight-flight response
|
increased physiological arousal helps the body cope with and survive threatening situations
|
|
|
gonads
|
glands that regulate sexual development and reproduction
|
|
|
homeostasis
|
keeps the body's level of arousal in balance for optimum functioning
|
|
|
limbic system
|
core of FOREBRAIN
motivation behaviors organizes emotional behaviors |
|
|
occipital lobe
|
processes visual information
sees colors and recognizes objects |
|
|
parietal lobe
|
BEHIND FRONTAL LOBE
sense of touch, temperature, pain |
|
|
temporal lobe
|
hearing, speaking coherently, understanding verbal and written material
|
