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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is health? |
Objective signs ( e.g. Blood pressure)
Subjective symptoms |
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Ways of looking at health |
Biological Physiological Psychological Social & cognitive perspective |
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Health Psych
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Branch of psychology dealing with health enhancingbehaviors (or the reverse, health compromising behaviors)
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Health Behaviours |
Our lifestyles contribute to our health and increase our health risks |
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Heart Disease |
Lack of exercise, excess weight, smoking, highcholesterol, high blood pressure, stress
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Cancer |
Smoking, high alcohol use, diet, environmentalfactors
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Stroke |
Smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol,stress
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Accidents |
Alcohol and drug use, speeding, not using a seatbelt, home hazards
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Health Belief Model |
A persons motivation to engage in health related behaviours depends on the interaction of several factors 1. Perceptions 2.Beliefs/ biases 3. A cue to action |
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Optimistic bias |
Tendency to view one self as invulnerable or less likely than others to experience negative life events/ overestimate ones probability of experiencing positive life events |
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Availability Bias |
How available are examples in memory Can influence our perception on health risks and prevention measures |
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Lifestyle factors: The Biggies |
Smoking Drinking Diet Exercise |
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Alcohol Direct Effects |
Liver disease Negative interactions with variety of medications Negative interactions with other diseases or conditions Korsakoff's syndrome |
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Alcohol Indirects effects |
Alcohol as a disinhibitor General assumptions that you “lose” behaviouralinhibitions when under the influence Causes people to be more relaxed & outgoing Associated with anti social behaviour (aggression / violence) Increased high – risk behaviour |
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Alcohol Myopia |
The theory that describes short sightedness (restricted perspective) of the intoxicated person Alcohol use decreases cognitive capacity Limits the amount of info a person can attend to May lead to increased physical aggression, risky sexual behaviour |
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Stress |
A type of response Tension, discomfort, physical symptoms strainsability to cope Response may be physical, behavioural, emotionalor cognitive |
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Cognitive appraisal of stressor |
Is it under my control? |
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Hans Selyes' General Adaption syndrome (GAS) |
The body's response to on-going stress 3 phases: Alarm reaction Resistance Exhaustion |
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Alarm reaction |
Excitation of nervous system: amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus |
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Resistance |
Adaptation/ coping ex. Fight vs Flight |
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Exhaustion |
resistance breaks down, can lead to physical and/or psychological ailments |
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Mechanics of stress |
Selye believedall stressors are equal Recent research show his is not the case Different stressors evoke different responses Individual differences in physiologicalreactivity |
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Everyday Stressors ( daily hassles) |
Daily life is filled with countless minor sources of stress Computer problems, Traffic, lineups , Relationships, Time constraints Daily hassle can add up to major stress |
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Chronic Stressors |
On going noisy environments: blood pressure & stress hormones, irritability & aggression Socioeconomic situation Work related problem Increased susceptibility to colds Mount & duration of work-related stressinfluences susceptibility to illness and disease |
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Specific Traumatic Triggers |
Phobias/fears Traumatic events High blood pressure |
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Coping with stress |
Cope thought stress through cognitive and behavioural transactions with the environment Two main functions: Can alter the problem causing the stress Can regulate the emotional response to theproblem |
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Social support |
Can enhance immune function and decrease psychological distress Reduce other risk factors (e.g. loneliness) |
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Behavioural control |
Problem focused coping |
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Cognitive & emotional control |
Changing though patterns |
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Areas of Controversy |
1. Catharis 2. Crisis debriefing 3. Spiritual/ Religiousity |
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Catharis |
disclosing painful emotions, memories, etc. is not always helpful |
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Crisis debriefing |
not always helpful: can increase PTSD |
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Spirituality/ Religiousity |
elations are unclear; some will argue: does it matter if it seems to help |
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primary appraisal |
initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful |
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secondary appraisal |
perceptions regarding our ability to cope |
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problem-focused coping |
coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle challenges head on |
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emotion focused coping |
coping strategy that features positive outlook on feelings/ situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions |
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corticosteroid |
stress hormone that activates body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances |
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tend and befriend |
reaction to stress that mobilizes people to either nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) |
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immune system |
body's defence system against potentially illness producing substances and illnesses |
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AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
life threatening, incurable, in which HIV attacks and damages immune system |
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psychoneuroimmunology |
study of relationship between immune system and central nervous system |
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proactive coping |
anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promote effective coping |
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flexible coping |
ability to adjust coping strategies as the situation demands |
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rumination |
focusing on how bad we feel and endlessly analyzing causes and consequences of our problems |
