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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gender
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a person's social and cultural identity
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Sex
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a person's biological identity
chromosomes, physical identity and hormones |
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Gender role standards (expressive, instrumental)
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behaviours, values, or motives a society considers more appropriate for a specific sex
"Boys laptop, girls laptop" |
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gender role stereotypes (ages when they start)
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development:
- stereotyping evident at ages 2-3 years - psychological discriminations later - ages 3-7 strict conformists to stereotypes - gender intensification in adolescence |
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expressive role
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one should be cooperative, nurturing, sensitive (females)
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Instrumental role
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dominant, independent, assertive, competitive (males)
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Gender typing: define and three components
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process by which children acquire gender roles
- gender identity - gender role stereotypes - gender-typed behaviour |
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Gender identity development
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1. discriminate males from females
2. label males and females 3. sex is a permanent attribute |
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Sex differences: psychological
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- verbal/mathematical ability
- visual/spatial abilities - aggression (overt vs covert) |
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Sex difference cntd (different possible ones)
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activity level
fear, timidity, risk taking vulnerability emotional expressivity/sensitivity compliance |
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Sex differences: cultural myths
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sociability, suggestibility
differences in logical and analytical ability |
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Influence of Culture: self-fulfilling prophecy
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parental expectations
scholastic expectations |
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Categories of Sex-role Orientation
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High F, High M: androgynous
High F, Low M: feminine GTyped Low F, Low M: undifferentiated Low F, High M: masculine GTyped |
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Androgyny advantages/disadvantages
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a: more adaptable, higher self-esteem, better adjusted
d: may see rejection from peers |
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Cultural influences on adolescent sexuality
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permissive vs restrictive cultures
sources of information: peers, parents, teachers; internet |
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Attitudes towards sex: adolescent sexuality
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currently liberal; premarital sex, girls believe love and sex go together
- denial of the double standard - confusion about sexual norms (mixed messages) - sexual orientation |
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Adolescent sexuality: factors
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- maturation
- low SES (self esteem?) - difficulty at school - sexually active friends - teenage pregnancy - STD's |
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Ad Sexuality: consequences of pregnancy for teenage mother
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interrupted education
lower paying job lack of psychological preparedness canada offers intervention programs |
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ad sexuality: consequences for babies of teenage mothers
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- more prenatal and birth complications
- prematurity more likely - results of poor parenting: intellectual deficits, emotional disturbances |
