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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social psychology |
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
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Attribution theory
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the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
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Fundamental attribution error
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the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
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Just-world phenomenon
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the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
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Ingroup bias
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the tendency for us to favor our own group
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Aggression
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any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
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Foot-in-the-door phenomenon role
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the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with larger request
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Cognitive dissonance theory culture
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the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.
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Norm
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an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior
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Conformity
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adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with group standard
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Frustration-aggression principle
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the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal – creates anger, which can generate aggression
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Social script
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culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
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Passionate love
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an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
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Companionate love
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the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those whith whom our lives are intertwined
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Equity
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a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
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Bystander effect
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the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
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Normative social influence
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influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
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Social facilitation
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improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
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Deindividuation
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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in-group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
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Group polarization
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the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group
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Groupthink
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the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
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Social exchange theory
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the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
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Reciprocity norm
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an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
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Social-responsibility norm
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an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
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Milgram-obedience
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shock test to see how far people would go
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Asch-conformity
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demonstrated the degree to which an individual's own opinions are influenced by those of a majority group |
