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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theory Y
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assumes that, given challenges and freedom, workers are moticated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
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Theory X
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assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above.
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social leadership
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group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.
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task leadership
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goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
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achievement motivation
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a desire for significant accomplishments: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.
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structured interviews
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interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
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oganizational psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
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personnel psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
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industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology
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the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
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flow
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a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
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sexual orientation
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an enduring secual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).
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estrogen
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a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
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sexual disorder
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a problem that consistently imapris sexual arousal or functioning.
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refractory period
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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
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sexual response cycle
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the four stages of sexual responding desribed by Masters and Johnson--excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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bulimia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diest and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
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basal metabolic rate
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the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
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set point
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the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
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glucose
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the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When the level is low, we feel hunger.
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hierarchy of needs
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
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incentive
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
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homeostasis
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
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drive-reduction theory
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the idea that a physiological need crates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
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instinct
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
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motivation
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
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