Psych Chapter 12

Front 1

social psychology

Back 1

the branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations

Front 2

social cognition

Back 2

the mental processes people use to make sense out of their social environment

Front 3

social influence

Back 3

the effects of situational factors and other people on an individuals behavior

Front 4

person perception

Back 4

the mental processes we use to form judgements and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of other people

Front 5

social norms

Back 5

the rules or expectations for appropriate behavior in a particular social situation

Front 6

social categorization

Back 6

the mental processes of categorization people into groups or social categories on the basis of their shared characteristics

Front 7

implicit personality theory

Back 7

a network or assumptions or beliefs about the relationships among various types of people, traits, and behaviors

Front 8

attribution

Back 8

the mental process of inferring the causes of peoples behaviors, including ones own. also refers to the explanation made for a particular behavior

Front 9

fundamental attribution error

Back 9

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors, and attributional bias that is common in individualistic cultures

Front 10

blaming the victim

Back 10

the tendency to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it

Front 11

just-word hypothesis

Back 11

the assumption that the world is fair and that therefore people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Front 12

actor-observer discrepancy

Back 12

tendency to attribute ones own behavior to external, situational causes, while attributing the behavior of others to internal, personal causes, especially likely to occur with regard to behaviors that lead to negative outcomes

Front 13

self serving bias

Back 13

tendency to attribute successful outcomes of ones own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external situational causes

Front 14

attitude

Back 14

a learned tendency to evaluate some object, person, or issue in a particular way, such evaluations may be positive, negative, or ambient

Front 15

cognitive dissonance

Back 15

an unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal that occurs when two thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent, typically results from the awareness that attitudes and behavior are in conflict

Front 16

prejudice

Back 16

negative attitude toward people who belong to a specific social group

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stereotype

Back 17

a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group

Front 18

in-group

Back 18

a social group to which one belongs

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out group

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a social group to which one does not belong

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out group homogeneity effect

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tendency to see members of out groups as very similar to one another

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in group bias

Back 21

tendency to judge the behavior of in group members favorably and out group members unfavorably

Front 22

ethnocentrism

Back 22

belief that ones own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others and the related tendency to use ones own culture as a standard by which to judge others

Front 23

conformity

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tendency to adjust ones behavior, attitudes, or beliefs to group norm in response to real or imagined group pressure

Front 24

normative social influence

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behavior that is motivated by the desire to grain social acceptance and approval

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informational social influence

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behavior that is motivated by the desire to correct

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obedience

Back 26

the performance of an action in response to the direct orders of an authority or person of higher status

Front 27

altruism

Back 27

helping another person with no expectation of personal reward or benefit

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prosocial behavior

Back 28

any behavior that helps another, whether the underlying motive is self serving or selfless

Front 29

bystander effect

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a phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress

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diffusion of responsibility

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phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene is shared among all the onlookers

Front 31

social loafing

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the tendency to expend less effort on a task when it is a group effort

Front 32

social facilitation

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tendency for the presence of other people to enhance individual performance

Front 33

de individuation

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reduction of self awareness and inhibitions that can occur when a person is a part of a group whose members feel anonymous

Front 34

persuasion

Back 34

deliberate attempt to influence the attitudes of behavior of another person in a situation in which that person has some freedom of choice