Psych Chapter 1 And 2 Test

Front 1

psychology is defined as the

Back 1

scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental process

Front 2

the majority of psychologists are

Back 2

clinical psychologists

Front 3

developmental psychologists are especially concerned with

Back 3

changes that occur throughout the life span

Front 4

couseling psychologists encourage their clients to

Back 4

clarifty their goals, overcmoe adjustment problems, meet challenges

Front 5

the mthod of learning that stresses examining one's own thoughts and feelings is

Back 5

introspection

Front 6

the contemportary psychoanalytic perspective stresses the influence of

Back 6

conscious choice and self-direction

Front 7

the school of behaviorism defined psychology as

Back 7

the scientific study of observable behavior

Front 8

one method that helps researchers gather information from many people is

Back 8

a survey

Front 9

to ensure that a sample represents a target population, researchers select

Back 9

people at random from the target population

Front 10

the longtiudinal method is concerned with observing

Back 10

the ways in which people change over time

Front 11

In a study of the ffects of caffeine on memory, participants drank a bottle of tasteless water containing 100, 50, or 0 milligrams of caffeine. The participants assigned to the group that got bottled water with no caffeine represented the ________.

Back 11

control group

Front 12

the cross-sectional metod charts changes over time by

Back 12

comparing participants from different age groups

Front 13

naturalistic observation is

Back 13

observing the way people eat in restaurants

Front 14

a placebo is often as effective as taking a medicine because

Back 14

a person's expectations affect the rsults of a treatment

Front 15

the man credited as the father of modern psychology for his work at the university of Leipzig in 1879

Back 15

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 16

Stanley Milgram's landmark study of 1962 caused the American Psychological Association to do what?

Back 16

revise ethical guidelines

Front 17

the term to describe an individual who aids the researcher in some form of deception during a study or experiment is what?

Back 17

confederate

Front 18

factor in an experiment that researchers manipulate so that they can determine its effect

Back 18

independent variable

Front 19

measure of how closely one thing is related to another

Back 19

correlation

Front 20

sample in which subgroups of a population are represented proportionally

Back 20

stratified sample

Front 21

educated guess

Back 21

hypothesis

Front 22

whole group that is the subject of a study

Back 22

target population

Front 23

group in an experiment that does not receive treatment

Back 23

control group

Front 24

study in which participants do not know wether they are receiving the treatment or not

Back 24

single-blind study

Front 25

in-depth investigation of an individual or small group

Back 25

case study

Front 26

substance or treatment that has no effect apart from a person's belief in it

Back 26

placebo

Front 27

research that has no immediate application is known as....

Back 27

basic research

Front 28

B.F. skinner's concept of _________ showed that an animal is more likely to repeat an action if rewarded for it.

Back 28

reinforcement

Front 29

_______ ______ founded psycholanalysis

Back 29

Sigmund Freud

Front 30

The _____ perspective argues that people can learn by experience and by observing toehrs

Back 30

learning

Front 31

the cognitive persepctive focuses on _____ processes to explain human behavior.

Back 31

mental

Front 32

stress and health are thought to have a ______ _____ since stress goes up ans health deteriorates, or goes down.

Back 32

negative correlation

Front 33

_______ _______ can slant the results of a survey because people who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from people who do not volunteer

Back 33

Volunteer bias

Front 34

In an experiment, the _________ ________ is the factor that varies when the independent variable is changed

Back 34

dependent variable

Front 35

_________ __________ enables researches to study the behavior of people and animals in their everyday settings

Back 35

naturalistic observation

Front 36

in a _______ ______, neither the rearchers nor the participants know who is reiving the treatment.

Back 36

experimental group

Front 37

The _______ method takes much less time than the longitudinal method, but can accompish many of the same objectives.

Back 37

cross-sectional

Front 38

This person decribed the effects of segregation on white children as well as African-American children.

Back 38

Kenneth Clark