Psych Chapter 1

Front 1

Is the science of behavior and mental processes that seeks to describe and explain aspects of human thought, feelings, perceptions and actions

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Psychology

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A phenomenon where no one can accurately recall events from the first three years of life

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Childhood Amnesia

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One becomes more agreasive due to watching viokent cartoons

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Effects of Media Violence on Childrens Aggression

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HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY

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Structuralism

Functionalism

Psychodynamic

Behaviorism

Gestalt

Existentialist

Humanistic

Cognitive

Biologic/ Physiological

Evolutionary

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Three elements of consciousness

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Physical sensations

Feelings

Images or memories

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Analyzing the basic elements, or structure of conscious mental experience through the use of introspection

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Structuralism

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Explores how an organism uses perceptual abilities to function in its environment

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Functionalism

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Behavior results from psychological factors that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness

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Psychodynamic Theory

Front 9

School of psychology that studies observable, measurable behavior

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Behaviorism

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Whole r form in german

Studies how people percieve and experience objects as whole patterns

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Gestalt

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Capable to solve own problem

Focuses on the meaninglessness and alenation of modern life, how these factors lead to apathy and psychological provlems

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Existentialist Psychology

Front 12

Emphasizes non verbal experience and altered states of consciousness as a means of realizing full human potential

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Humanistic Psychology

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Areas of Interest

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Thinking

Feeling

Learning

Remembering

Making Decisions

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Willingness/will/motivation

Devoted to the study of mental processes in the broadest sense

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Cognitive Psychology

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Emphasis is on biological processes and heredity to explain behavior, study of the brain and central nervous system

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Biological/Physiological Psychology

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Explores origin of behavior and their adaptive value

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Evolutionary Psychology

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GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

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Describe

Explain

Predict

Control

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Tells what occurred

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Describe

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Tells the reason why the behavior occurred

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Explains

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Tells under what conditions is the behavior likely to occur

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Predict

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What change in condition is necessary to prevent unwanted occurrence or to bring about a desirable outcome

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Control

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Impaired communication

Impaired social interactions

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Austism

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Systematic general principle or set of principles that explains how seperate facts are related to one another

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Theory

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Two basic types of research

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Basic research

Applied research

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Research conducted for the purpose of advancing knowledge rather than practical application

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Basic Research

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Research for the purpose of solving practical problems

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Applied research

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Research method that yield descriptions of behavior rather than casual explanations

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Decriptive Research Methods

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Descriptive Research Methods

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Naturalistic Observation

Laboratory Observation

Case Study Method

Survey Research

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Researchers observe and record behavior without trying to influence or control it

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Naturalistic Observation

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The same in naturalistic observation but done in a laboratory

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Laboratory Observation

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An in depth study of one or a few participants consisting of information gathered by observation, interview, or psychological testing to provide description of behavior or disorder

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Case Study Method

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Using interviews or questionaires to gather information

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Survey Research

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Determine the cause of behavior

Reserachers assign participants to groups and control conditoons

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Experimental Method

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A prediction about a cause effect relationship between two or more variables

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Hypothesis

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A condition or factor that can be manipulated, controlled, measured

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Variable

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The factor or condition that researchers manipulate in order to determine its effect on other behaviors or condition known as the dependent variable

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Independent Variable

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Variable measured at the ens of the experiment

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Dependent Variable

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Group of participants exposed to the independent variable or treatment in an experiment

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Experimental Group

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A group that is sinilar to the experimental group and is exposed to the same experimental environment but is not exposed to the independent variable

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Control Group

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one variable increases and the other increases

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Positive Correlation

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One variable increases the other decreases

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Negative Correlation

Front 42

Whenethical or practocal reasons an experimental study cannot be performed

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Correlation Method

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MAJOR SUBFIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY

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Biological Psychology

Experimental Psychology

Developmental Psychology

Social and Personality Psychology

Clinical and Counseling Psychology

School and Educational Psychology

Organizational and Engineering Psychology

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Relationship between biological processes

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Biological Psychology

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Study how people react to stimuli

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Experimental Psychology

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Concerned with human development and the factors that shape behavior

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Developmental Psychology

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Interested in how people percieve and interpret to the social world

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Social Psychology

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Study the thoughts, emotions and behaviors

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Personality Psychology

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Pricipples applied to diagnosis and treatment

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Clinical and Counseling Psychology

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Deals with courses in child development

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School and Education Psychology

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Concerned with selecting people who are most suitable for partocular jobs

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Organizational and Engineering Psychology

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Western psychology independent

Filipibo psychology collaboration

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Remmemberrrr

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Major Divisions of the nervous system

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Central Nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

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Includes all neurons in the brain and spinal cord

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Central Nervous System

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Nerve connecting to other parts of the body

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Peripheral Nervous System

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Division of pheripheral

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Somatic system

Autonomic system

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Carries messages to and from sense receptors

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Somatic System

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Connects internal organs and glands

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Autonomic system

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Transmit information about external stimulation from the skin, muscles, and joints to central nervous system

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Sensory nerves

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Carry impulses from central nervous system to the muscles where they initiate action

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Motor nerves

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Three regions of the brain

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Hindbrain

Midbrain

Forebrain

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Includes all the structures located in the posterior part of the brain, closest to the spinal cord

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Hindbrain

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Located in the middle part of the brain

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Midbrain

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Includes structures located in the front part of the brain

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Forebrain

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3 concentric layers of the brain

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Central core

Limbic System

Cerebrum

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Regulates our most primitive behaviors

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Central Core

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Controls our emotions

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Limbic System

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Regulates our higher intellectual processes

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Cerebrum

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Volontary control

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Central core

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Narrow structure that controls breathing and some reflexes that help maintain upright posture

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Medulla

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Concerned with the coordination of movement and motor learning

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Cerebellum

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Regulate endocrine activity and has a part in emotion and response to stress

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Hypothalamus

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Directs incoming information from the sense receptors to the cerebrum; helps control sleep and wakefulness

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Thalamus

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Plays a role in controlling arousal and inability to focus attention on particular stimuli

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Recticular Formation

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Parts Central Core

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Medulla

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Recticular Formation

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Parts Limbic System

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Hippocampus

Amygdala

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Plays a special role in memory, particularly for episodes

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Hippocampus

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Involved in mediating emotion, especially fear

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Amygdala

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Areas of Cerebrum

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Primary Motor Area

Primary Somatosensory Area

Peimary Visual Area

Primary Auditory Area

Association Areas

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Controls voluntary movements of the body

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Primary Motor Area

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Body sense area

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Somatosensory Area

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Involves vision

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Primary Visual Area

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Sounds

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Primary Auditory Area

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Concerned with sensory or motor impulses

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Association Areas

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Organs located throughout the body that secrete special substance

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Glands

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Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands

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Hormones

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Master gland

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Pituitary

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Determines Mood

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Adrenal glands

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Regulates balance posture

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Cerebellum

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Connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres

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Corpus Collosum

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Used for reasoning, emotions, judgement and voluntary movement

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Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum

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Controls automatic functions like heartbeat

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Medulla oblongata

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Center of vision and reading ability

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Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum

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Contains important sensory centers

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Parietal Lobe of the Cerebrum

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Part of the brainstem that join the hemispheres of the cerebellum

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Pons

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Thick bundle of nerve fibers that runs from the base of the brain to the hip area, running through the spine

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Spinal Cord

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Contains center of hearing and memory

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Tenporal Lobe of the Cerebrum