Psych Ch.5 Units 3/4

Front 1

Antecedent

Back 1

the environmental stimulus that precedes the relevant behaviour and indicates the consequence.

Front 2

behaviour

Back 2

the voluntary action that occurs in the presence of the antecedent stimulus

Front 3

consequence

Back 3

the environmental event that occurs immediately after the behaviour and has an effect on the occurrence of the behaviour (determines whether or not the behaviour will be repeated)

Front 4

operant conditioning

Back 4

learning process whereby the consequences of behaviour determine the likelihood that the behaviour will be performed again.

Front 5

reinforcement

Back 5

occurs when a stimulus following a response, strengthens or increases the likelihood of the response.

Front 6

punishment

Back 6

unpleasant consequence following a response or the removal of a pleasant consequence following a response, in order to weaken that response

Front 7

stimulus generalisation (OC)

Back 7

response is made to stimuli similar to the response that was conditioned to, in hope of receiving the same consequence

Front 8

stimulus discrimination (OC)

Back 8

subject can differentiate between stimuli that will signal a reward or non reward

Front 9

extinction (OC)

Back 9

gradual decrease in strength of a conditioned response following consistent non-reinforcement of the response (response is no longer followed by reinforcer)

Front 10

spontaneous recovery (OC)

Back 10

reappearance of operant response after extinction and a rest period.

Front 11

acquisition (OC)

Back 11

the overall learning process during which the specific response is established through reinforcement

Front 12

classical conditioning

Back 12

type of learning that occurs through the repeated association of 2 different stimuli to produce a naturally occurring response

Front 13

UCS

Back 13

stimulus that consistently produces a naturally occurring response

Front 14

UCR

Back 14

unlearned response that occurs automatically when the UCS is presented

Front 15

NS

Back 15

stimulus that does not evoke a naturally occurring response

Front 16

CS

Back 16

previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, triggers a similar response (CR) to that caused by the UCS

Front 17

CR

Back 17

learned response that is produced by the CS due to previous conditioning

Front 18

acquisition (CC)

Back 18

overall process where the organisms learns to associate the NS with the UCS, where the NS becomes the CS that produces the CR.

Front 19

stimulus generalisation (CC)

Back 19

stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response (similar response but not identical)

Front 20

stimulus discrimination (CC)

Back 20

ability to differentiate and respond only to the original conditioned stimulus, not to other stimuli which may be similar to the CS.

Front 21

extinction (CC)

Back 21

gradual decrease/disappearance in the strength or rate of a conditioned response that occurs when the UCS is no longer presented with the CS.

Front 22

spontaneous recovery (CC)

Back 22

reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response at the presentation of the CS, after a rest period.

Front 23

conditioned emotional response

Back 23

emotional reaction in response to a specific stimulus acquired through classical conditioning.

Front 24

positive reinforcer

Back 24

stimulus that strengthens a desired response through providing a satisfying consequence.

Front 25

negative reinforcer

Back 25

stimulus that strengthens a desired response through the removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimulus.

Front 26

positive punisment

Back 26

stimulus that weakens a specific response through the introduction of an unpleasant stimulus.

Front 27

negative punishment

Back 27

stimulus that weakens a specific response through the removal of a pleasant stimulus.

Front 28

shaping

Back 28

involves reinforcing successive responses that progress towards the ultimate desired response.

Front 29

observational learning

Back 29

type of learning that occurs when an individual observes a model's actions and the consequences of those actions, to guide their future actions.

Front 30

vicarious conditioning

Back 30

individual watches model's behaviour being either reinforced or punished, subsequently behaving in the same way or refraining from the behaviour based on what they have observed.

Front 31

vicarious reinforcement

Back 31

observer is likely to behave in a similar way to the model as their behaviour has been reinforced.

Front 32

vicarious punishment

Back 32

observer is unlikely to behave in a similar way to the model after seeing their behaviour being punished.

Front 33

attention

Back 33

learner actively watches the model and pays close attention to their behaviour and consequences of that behaviour.

Front 34

retention

Back 34

learner must code and store the mental representation of the observed behaviour in memory that can be retrieved at a later time.

Front 35

reproduction

Back 35

(NOT WHEN THE BEHAVIOUR IS ACTUALLY PERFORMED) learner is physically and intellectually capable of reproducing the observed behaviour.

Front 36

motivation

Back 36

learner will perform the observed behaviour if there is reason to. (desirable consequence for reproducing the learned behaviour)

Front 37

reinforcement

Back 37

behaviour has been performed and a positive outcome has occurred, the learner is likely to repeat the behaviour again.