Psych Ch 8 - Conformity

Front 1

Norms

Back 1

learned social rules

Front 2

Descriptive social norms

Back 2

how others are actually behaving

Front 3

Injunctive social norms

Back 3

What is/is not acceptable

Front 4

Norms help us...

Back 4

establish + maintain social order

(but mindlessly following them can be a problem - KKK)

Front 5

Autokinetic effect

Back 5

with no stable reference point, dot moves (Sherif experiment - participants converge to one common result, effect of informational influence)

Front 6

Conformity

Back 6

A change in behavior/beliefs to agree with others (actual belief within individual)

Can be percieved or real influence

Front 7

Informational influence

Back 7

Conformity from accepting evidence provided by other people

Motivated by desire to be accurate
Look to others in ambiguous situations

Asch experiment with lines

Front 8

Normative influence

Back 8

Conformity based on a desire to fulfill others expectations

Motivated by desire to be accepted

(PC w/o PA)

Front 9

Public compliance

Back 9

conforming w/o actually believing in group

Front 10

Private acceptance

Back 10

Conforming out of genuine belief other is correct

Front 11

When do people conform

Back 11

1) Group size
2) Unanimity (even 1 dissenter decreases conformity a lot)
3) Cohesion (+cohesion = +conformity)
4) Status (high status = + conformity)
5) Conform more when responding publicly
6) Public commitment to own position decreases conformity

Front 12

For ambiguous situations

Back 12

+ importance = + conformity

Front 13

+ crisis =

Back 13

+ conformity

Front 14

+ ambiguity =

Back 14

+ conformity

Front 15

contagion

Back 15

Rapid spread of emotion/behavior through crowds

Front 16

Mass psychogenic influence

Back 16

Similar physical symptoms, no known physical cause in group of people (1998 school/gasoline case)

Front 17

Reaction to rebelling

Back 17

Withdrawing person, try to get them to come back to fold

Front 18

(Public) compliance

Back 18

Yielding to request even if you personally disagree

1) Foot in door, door in dace, lowballing
2) Reciprocation
3) Request in mail w/token gift

Front 19

Principle of social proof

Back 19

We determine what's correct by looking to others

Front 20

Scarcity

Back 20

Things you cannot/do not have become more valuable

Front 21

Obedience

Back 21

Change in behavior or beliefs as a result of hte commands of AUTHORITY

Front 22

Milgram experiment

Back 22

Proved that situation mattered

Front 23

Why did the millgram experiment happen the way it did?

Back 23

1) Informational (confusing/upsetting situation) + normative influence (statements from experimenter)

2) Responsibility + Self justification

3) Procedural details - gradual increase

Fast paced, loss of personal responsibility

Front 24

Factors that decrease obedience

Back 24

Less prestige/status of experimenter + institutional authority (not YALE)

Proximity of victim

Presence of others who disobey - nonfoncorming ally

Front 25

Resisting social pressure

Back 25

1) Reactance
2) Assering uniquness
3) Minority influence

Front 26

Reactance

Back 26

A motive to protect/restore one's sense of freedom (When someone threatens freedom of action)

EX: Labels of objectionable content/parental advisory

Front 27

Asserting uniqueness

Back 27

People want to be somewhat different from others

Front 28

Minority influence

Back 28

Makes majority think more about minority position, minority members may think more about issue

Front 29

Minority persuasive when:

Back 29

1) Consistency
2) Not overly dogmatic (flexibility)
3) Self confidence
4) Once part of majority -> provides informational social influence/facts about defects of majority

Front 30

Normative influence + Women's body image

Back 30

Explains attempts of women to create that body type (pressure to look a certain way, annorexia, disorders)

Front 31

Informational social influence + Women's body image

Back 31

Mechanism by which women learn what body type is attractive in their culture/time period

Front 32

Body type/culture

Back 32

Depends on food supply! Plenty, ideal = thin, not enough = fat

Front 33

Male body image

Back 33

More recent!

GI Joe Study:
appeal of muscular images, negativity, dissatisfaction.

More valued thin women.

Front 34

When do people conform to normative influence

Back 34

1) Strength/how important group is to you
2) Immediacy/ how close they are in space/time
3) Number (3+ in group best)
4) 1 ally = Less conformity
5) Group culture (cohesiveness/collectivist)

Front 35

idiosyncrasy credits

Back 35

can deviate sometimes w/ no consequence, is earned over time by conforming (like a bank)

Front 36

Boomerang effect

Back 36

EX: Study w/ alcohol in college if they drink less than average, they start to drink more when presented with avg

FIX BY: invoke injunctive norm for those below average

Front 37

Griciean maxims

Back 37

??? common communication rules

Newer study: spoken info is helpful (veg. oil study)

Front 38

Broken windows theory

Back 38

Maintaining environments in a well ordered condition may stop further vandalism/escalation into more serious crime

BECAUSE you see that injunctive role is violated, shows you that it's ok, more likely for others to do it

Graffiti studies